该文报道一例激光原位角膜磨镶(laser-assisted in situ keratectomy,LASIK)术后行白内障超声乳化摘除联合多焦点散光矫正型人工晶状体植入术的病例。该患者为42岁女性患者，20年前外院行双眼LASIK手术，现因右眼视物模糊1年就诊。术前IOLMaster检查患者右眼眼轴长度29.66 mm，前房深度3.18 mm，晶状体厚度4.75 mm，白到白距离11.6 mm，前表面及全角膜散光分别为1.01 D@67 °及0.91 D@56 °。Pentacam角膜地形图15 °范围模拟角膜屈光力得到的角膜散光为1.2 D@58.1 °，为规则领结型。患者眼底检查未见明显异常，因其脱镜意愿强烈，植入双焦点散光矫正型IOL(德国Zeiss公司AT LISA toric 909M)。根据Barrett True-K Toric公式测量的后表面散光计算结果进行手术规划，选择+17 D球镜1.5 D柱镜Zeiss 909M IOL，植入轴位55 °。术后1个月患者裸眼远视力0.8，35 cm裸眼近视力1.0，最佳矫正远视力–0.25 DS/–0.5 DC×120 °至1.0，患者满意。提示经过详细的术前评估及规划，并与患者充分沟通，多焦点散光矫正型人工晶状体可以在部分适合的LASIK术后患者中取得良好效果。

It is reported a case of cataract phacoemulsification combined with toric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after LASIK surgery in this article. A 42 year-old female patient who underwent bilateral LASIK surgery in other hospital 20 years ago. She visited our hospital due to blurred vision in her right eye for one year. The preoperative IOL Master examination results showed an axial length of 29.66 mm, anterior chamber depth of 3.18 mm, lens thickness of 4.75 mm, white to white distance of 11.6 mm, and anterior surface and total corneal astigmatism of 1.01 D @ 67 ° and 0.91 D @ 56 °, respectively in right eye. The corneal astigmatism measured by Pentacam using 15°range simulated keratometry is 1.2 D@ 58.1 °, which is a regular bow tie shape.No obvious abnormalities was found in the patient's fundus examination. Due to her strong desire to get rid of the glassesa toric bifocal IOL (AT LISA Toric 909M, Zeiss, Germany) was implanted.Based onthe IOL power calculation results of Barrett True-K Toric formula with measured posterior corneal astigmatism, an IOL with Sph 17.0 D/Cyl1.5 D/A 55°was chosen. One month after surgery, the patient's uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/25, 35 cm uncorrected near visual acuity was 20/20, and the best corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 with a prescription of –0.25 DS/–0.5 DC × 120 °. The patient was satisfied with the outcome. After detailed preoperative evaluation and design, and sufficient communication with patients, toric multifocal IOL implantation can achieve good results in some apropriated for the patients after LASIK surgery.

肥厚型脉络膜谱系疾病(pachychoroid disease spectrum,PCD)包括肥厚型脉络膜色素上皮病变(pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy,PPE)、中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC)、肥厚型脉络膜新生血管病变(pachychoroid neovasculopathy,PNV)、息肉样脉络膜血管病变(polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,PCV)、局灶性脉络膜凹陷(focal choroidal excavation,FCE)和盘周肥厚型脉络膜综合征(peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome,PPS)。有学者将PCD看作脉络膜功能障碍引发的一系列连续疾病过程，但关于PCD的发病机制、形态改变尚未明确。该文对PCD的脉络膜、涡静脉及巩膜相关改变做一综述。

Pachychoroid disease spectrum include pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavation, and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome. Currently, some scholars regard pachychoroid disease spectrum as a series of continuous disease processes caused by choroidal dysfunction, but the pathogenesis and morphological changes of pachychoroid disease spectrum are not yet clear. This paper reviews the changes of choroid, vortex veins and sclera in pachychoroid disease spectrum.

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症 (Langerhans cell histiocytosis,LCH) 是一种由骨髓细胞肿瘤性增殖引起的罕见疾病，多见于儿童。LCH临床表现多样，以骨骼受累最常见。该文报道了一例儿童颅眶沟通LCH，影像学检查结果提示患儿右侧眉弓处类圆形穿凿样骨质破坏，通过手术切除病灶，送组织病理学检查明确诊断，同时选择通过3D打印聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)材料修补颅眶缺损部位，PEEK材料匹配度高、安全性好，改善患儿预后，提升患儿生存质量。

Langerhans cell histiocyte (LCH) is a rare disease caused by the tumor-like proliferation of bone marrow cells, which is mostly seen in children. Its clinical manifestations can be diverse, in which the skeletal system is most involved. This paper reports a case of LCH in cranio-orbital communication of a child. The imaging results suggest that there is a round chisel damage at the patient’s right brow ridge. In terms of definitive diagnosis and treatment, this patient underwent surgical resection and histopathological examination. 3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) material was selected to repair the cranio-orbital defect. The material can achieve better biocompatibility, while 3D-printing technique allows higher matching degree, both help to improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patient.

Blindness prevention has been an important national policy in China. Previous strategies, such as deploying experienced cataract surgeons to rural areas and assisting in building local ophthalmology centers, had successfully decreased the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. However, new challenges arise with the aging population and the shift of the disease spectrum towards age-related eye diseases and myopia. With the constant technological boom, digital healthcare innovations in ophthalmology could immensely enhance screening and diagnosing capabilities. Artifcial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine have been proven valuable in clinical ophthalmology settings. Moreover, the integration of cutting-edge communication technology and AI in mobile clinics and remote surgeries is on the horizon, potentially revolutionizing blindness prevention and ophthalmic healthcare. The future of blindness prevention in China is poised to undergo signifcant transformation, driven by emerging challenges and new opportunities.

Blindness prevention has been an important national policy in China. Previous strategies, such as deploying experienced cataract surgeons to rural areas and assisting in building local ophthalmology centers, had successfully decreased the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. However, new challenges arise with the aging population and the shift of the disease spectrum towards age-related eye diseases and myopia. With the constant technological boom, digital healthcare innovations in ophthalmology could immensely enhance screening and diagnosing capabilities. Artifcial intelligence (AI) and telemedicine have been proven valuable in clinical ophthalmology settings. Moreover, the integration of cutting-edge communication technology and AI in mobile clinics and remote surgeries is on the horizon, potentially revolutionizing blindness prevention and ophthalmic healthcare. The future of blindness prevention in China is poised to undergo signifcant transformation, driven by emerging challenges and new opportunities.

目的：构建眼科日间病房护理质量指标，为眼科日间病房的护理质量管理提供理论依据。方法：以Donabedian三维质量结构模式为理论框架，通过查阅文献、小组讨论，初步拟定眼科专科护理质量评价指标。通过专家函询，对指标进行筛选和修订，确定了眼科日间病房护理质量指标。结果：经过2轮函询，专家意见趋向一致，2轮问卷回收率均为100%，协调系数分别为0.129、0.342(P＜0.01)。构建的眼科专科护理质量指标包括3项一级指标，分别为结构指标(二级指标2项)、过程指标(二级指标8项)和结果指标(二级指标3项)。结论：该指标具有较高的科学性、可靠性、可行性以及专科特色，可为眼科日间病房护理质量的评价提供良好的方法。

Objective: To set up nursing quality indicators for ophthalmic intra-day ward, providing theoretical basis for nursing quality management in ophthalmic intra-day ward. Methods: Based on the "Donabedian three dimensional quality structure model" as the theoretical framework, the preliminary ophthalmic specialized nursing quality assessment indicators were designed by literature review and group discussion. The ophthalmic nursing quality indicators for intraday ward were finalized by expers consultated, indicators screened and revised. Results: After two rounds of inquration by letters, the opinions from the experts were consistent. Questionnaire response rates were both 100% in two rounds, with coordination coefficients of 0.129 and 0.342 respectively (P< 0.01). The nursing quality indicators for ophthalmic intra-day ward were established, including 3 primary indicators, which are structual indicators (2 secondary indicators), process indicators (8 secondary indicators) and outcome indicatiors(3 secondary indicators). Conclusion: The indicators are scientific, reliable, feasible with specialized characteristics, which can provide a good reference for evaluating the nursing quality in ophthalmic intra-day wards.

Background and Objective: Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is characterized by the insufficiency of limbal stem cells to maintain the corneal epithelium. Severe cases of LSCD may be treated with limbal transplantation from healthy autologous or allogeneic limbal tissue. Multiple cell-based therapies have been studied as alternative treatments to improve success rates and minimize immunosuppressive regimens after allogeneic transplants. In this review, we describe the success rates, and complications of different cell-based therapies for LSCD. We also discuss each therapy’s relative strengths and weaknesses, their history in animal and human studies, and their effectiveness compared to traditional transplants.

Methods: PubMed was searched for publications using the terms LSCD, cell-based therapy, cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET), cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET),and mesenchymal stem cells from 1989 to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were English language articles.Exclusion criteria were non-English language articles.

Key Content and Findings: current cell-based therapies for LSCD are CLET and non-limbal epithelial cells. Non-limbal epithelial cell methods include COMET, conjunctival epithelial autografts, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Moreover, several alternative potential sources of non-limbal cells have described, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs),human dental pulp stem cells, hair follicle bulge-derived epithelial stem cells, amniotic membrane epithelial cells, and human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells.

Conclusions: Cell-based therapies are a promising treatment modality for LSCD. While CLET is currently the only approved cell-based therapy and is only approved in the European Union, more novel methods have also been shown to be effective in human or animal studies thus far. Non-limbal epithelial cells such as COMET are also an alternative treatment to allogeneic transplants especially as a surface stabilizing procedure. iPSCs are currently being studied in early phase trials and have the potential to revolutionize the way LSCD is treated. Lastly, cell-based therapies for restoring the limbal niche such as mesenchymal stem cells have also shown promising results in the first human proof-of-concept study. Several potential sources of non-limbal cells are under investigation.

Background and Objective: Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is characterized by the insufficiency of limbal stem cells to maintain the corneal epithelium. Severe cases of LSCD may be treated with limbal transplantation from healthy autologous or allogeneic limbal tissue. Multiple cell-based therapies have been studied as alternative treatments to improve success rates and minimize immunosuppressive regimens after allogeneic transplants. In this review, we describe the success rates, and complications of different cell-based therapies for LSCD. We also discuss each therapy’s relative strengths and weaknesses, their history in animal and human studies, and their effectiveness compared to traditional transplants.

Methods: PubMed was searched for publications using the terms LSCD, cell-based therapy, cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET), cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET),and mesenchymal stem cells from 1989 to August 2022. Inclusion criteria were English language articles.Exclusion criteria were non-English language articles.

Key Content and Findings: current cell-based therapies for LSCD are CLET and non-limbal epithelial cells. Non-limbal epithelial cell methods include COMET, conjunctival epithelial autografts, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Moreover, several alternative potential sources of non-limbal cells have described, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs),human dental pulp stem cells, hair follicle bulge-derived epithelial stem cells, amniotic membrane epithelial cells, and human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells.

Conclusions: Cell-based therapies are a promising treatment modality for LSCD. While CLET is currently the only approved cell-based therapy and is only approved in the European Union, more novel methods have also been shown to be effective in human or animal studies thus far. Non-limbal epithelial cells such as COMET are also an alternative treatment to allogeneic transplants especially as a surface stabilizing procedure. iPSCs are currently being studied in early phase trials and have the potential to revolutionize the way LSCD is treated. Lastly, cell-based therapies for restoring the limbal niche such as mesenchymal stem cells have also shown promising results in the first human proof-of-concept study. Several potential sources of non-limbal cells are under investigation.

玻璃体切割术是目前临床上常见的眼科手术之一，其应用广泛，且具有良好的治疗效果，但术后仍会出现各种并发症，眼压升高便是其中常见的一种。玻璃体切割术后眼压升高的病因复杂多样，术前原发病的不同、术中处理方式的差异以及术后并发症均可引起眼压升高，根据不同的病因可以选用更合适的治疗方法。早期的眼压升高较易控制，主要采用药物及激光治疗，晚期眼压升高导致继发性青光眼则相对复杂，以手术治疗为主。该文主要对玻璃体切割术后高眼压的原因分析及治疗进展进行综述。

Pars plana vitrectomy is one of the common ophthalmic surgeries in clinic practice currently, which is widely used with good therapeutic effect. However, various complications may still occur after operation. Elevated intraocular pressure is one of common complications. The causes of postoperative ocular hypertension are complex and diverse. Elevated intraocular pressure could be caused by different preoperative primary diseases, intraoperative management methods,and postoperative complication. More appropriate treatment methods can be selected based on different causes. Early elevated intraocular pressure iseasier to control and is mainly treated with medicine and laser. Late elevated intraocular pressure leads to secondary glaucoma, which is relatively complex and mainly treated with surgery. This review mainly states causes and treatment progress of high intraocular pressure after vitrectomy.

玻璃体替代物是玻璃体切割术后的必需品，用于填充玻璃体腔，恢复玻璃体的支撑视网膜、屈光和细胞屏障等功能。严重眼外伤及复杂视网膜脱离引起的视网膜/脉络膜脱离，如选用传统的玻璃体替代物(如硅油)填充，部分患者会出现硅油依赖眼或眼球萎缩，眼球难以保全。折叠式人工玻璃体球囊(foldable capsular vitreous body,FCVB)是我国独立研发的挽救眼球的人工玻璃体，属于国际首创，可以精细模拟自然玻璃体的结构，恢复玻璃体的部分功能。目前临床研究证实FCVB不仅可以有效避免硅油的并发症，还可以维持后房空间，缓慢恢复睫状体的功能，从而治疗硅油依赖眼，阻止眼球进一步萎缩。该文综述了FCVB的研究背景、结构特点、临床应用和拓展研究进展。

Vitreous substitutes are necessary after vitrectomy to fill the vitreous cavity and restore the vitreous to support retinal, refractive, and cellular barrier functions. Severe ocular trauma-induced retinal/choroidal detachment filled with traditional vitreous substitutes (e.g., silicone oil) can lead to silicone oil-dependent eyes and ocular atrophy in some patients, making it difficult to preserve the eye. Foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) is an artificial vitreous body independently developed in China to save the eye, which is the first of its kind in the world and can finely simulate the structure of natural vitreous body and restore some of the functions of vitreous body. It has been clinically proven that it can not only effectively avoid the complications of silicone oil, but also maintain the posterior chamber space and slowly restore the function of the ciliary body, thus treating silicone oil-dependent eyes and preventing further atrophy of the eye. This article reviews the research background, structural features, clinical applications and extended studies of FCVB.

目的：探讨小剂量利妥昔单抗(rituximab, RTX)预防视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, NMOSD)复发的有效性和安全性。方法：采用前瞻性自身对照试验，选取2020年7月至2021年4月临床确诊为NMOSD的38例患者进行研究，给予小剂量RTX治疗。所有患者均进行病史采集、眼科检查和血清学指标检测，记录NMOSD年复发率(ARR)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、合并自身抗体情况和追加治疗的情况。视力检查采用Snellen视力表进行，并将结果转换为最小分辨角对数(logMAR)视力记录。随访至少12个月（17.29±2.2）个月，以末次随访为疗效判定时间点，比较治疗前后ARR、BCVA；分析复发与发病年龄、是否合并自身免疫抗体阳性和患自身免疫性疾病的关系。记录不良反应的发生率和追加治疗的时间。结果：共38例患者61眼纳入研究。其中男性4例，女性34例。发病年龄12~60岁，中位发病年龄23 (18~29.3)岁。病程10.0~265个月，中位病程65 (48.3~101.0)个月。治疗前logMAR矫正视力(1.15±0.13)，治疗后logMAR矫正视力(1.54±0.39)，比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.120，P=0.267)。治疗前ARR(1.50±0.86)次/年，治疗后ARR降低为(0.12±0.07)次/年，比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.304，P<0.001)。追加治疗时间为(6.4±2.3)月。随访期间3例患者复发，复发次数为 5次。 复发者与未复发者的发病年龄、合并免疫抗体阳性比例、合并自身免疫性疾病比例比较，差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。38例患者中，出现输注不良反应7例，给予减慢RTX滴速及加用地塞米松5 mg治疗后均缓解，随访期间未见其他明显不良反应。结论：小剂量RTX可以有效清除B淋巴细胞，预防NMOSD复发，且安全性较好。

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with low-dose rituximab for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Methods: A prospective self-control study. A total of 38 patients who were diagnosed with NMOSD from July 2020 to April 2021 were recruited for rituximab treatment. All patients collected medical history, ophthalmic examination and serological test. Recorded the annual recurrence rate (ARR), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), combined autoantibodies and therapy times after the first treatment. The BCVA was examined using Snellen chart, and converted to logMAR. The patients were followed up at least 12(17.29±2.2) months, and the last follow-up was taken as the time point of efficacy evaluation. ARR and BCVA before and after treatment were compared. To analyze the relationship between relapse and age of onset, combination of autoimmune antibodies and autoimmune diseases. The incidence of side effects and duration of additional therapy were recorded. Results: A total of 38 NMOSD patients (4 male/34 female, 61 involved eyes) were included in this study. The ages of onset age were 12-60 years, the median onset age was 23 (18~29.3) years. Duration of disease was 10.0~265 months, the median duration was 65 (48.3~101.0) months. Before treatment, the mean BCVA was 1.15 ± 0.13 , the mean BCVA at last follow-up was 1.54 ± 0.39, which was no significant difference (t=1.120, P=0.267). The mean ARR before and after treatment were 1.50±0.86 and 0.12 ± 0.07, respectively, with significant difference (t=8.304, P<0.001). The mean reinfusion period was 6. 4±2.3 months. Five relapses in 3 patients were observed. There were no significant difference between relapsed patients and non-relapsed patients on onset age, with/without auto-immune antibody ratio, with/without auto-immune diseases ratio (all P>0.05). Of 38 patients, 7 patients had side effects, all patients who had side effects, slowing down the infusion speed of RTX or infusing 5 mg of dexamethasone could relieve the discomfort. Conclusions: Low-dose RTX can effectively clear B lymphocytes, prevent NMOSD recurrence and with good safety.

随着光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)的快速发展和广泛应用，视盘周围高反射卵圆形团块样结构(peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure,PHOMS)已成为神经眼科临床实践中OCT检查的常见征象之一。该结构是生理性改变还是病理性改变目前尚无定论，推测可能与视乳头轴浆瘀滞有关。该文针对PHOMS的形态特征做一综述，总结各种疾病相关的PHOMS，并提出一些针对PHOMS的疑点及研究方向，旨在为临床医生及早辨别PHOMS、早期治疗眼底疾病提供依据。

With the rapid development and widespread application of optical coherence tomography(OCT), peripapillary hyper-reflective ovoid mass-like structure (PHOMS) has become one of the common signs of OCT in neuro-ophthalmic clinical practice. Whether this structure is physiological or pathological has not been determined, and it is speculated that it may be related to the stagnation of the axial plasma of the optic papilla. In this review, we describe the morphological characteristics of PHOMS, summarize various diseases related to PHOMS, and proposes some doubtful points and research directions for PHOMS, aiming to provide evidence for clinicians to identify PHOMS as early as possible and treat fundus diseases in the early stage.