视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病相关视神经炎是一种累及视神经的脱髓鞘性炎症疾病，视力损伤严重，预后差，复发率高。及时控制急性发作和有效预防复发是治疗的关键。目前治疗主要包括糖皮质激素、血浆置换、免疫吸附、免疫抑制剂、靶向单抗类药物。特别是近年来依库丽单抗、萨特利珠单抗、及依那利珠单抗取得重大进展。该文综述视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病相关视神经炎近年治疗研究进展，期望为临床决策提供有益参考。

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease with involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord, with poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Timely control of acute attacks and effective prevention of recurrence are the keys to treatment. This article reviews the recent research progress in the treatment of optic neuritis associated with NMOSD , hoping to provide useful references for clinical decision-making.

视神经炎(optic neuritis,ON)是指视神经的炎性脱髓鞘病变，是引起中青年人视力下降的主要原因。近年来，髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体阳性视神经炎(myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive ON,MOG-ON)成为神经眼科领域的研究热点，国内外报道不断增加。2021年3月，中华医学会眼科学分会神经眼科学组制定了《中国脱髓鞘性视神经炎诊断和治疗循证指南(2021年)》，将MOG-ON作为新的视神经炎亚型纳入脱髓鞘性视神经炎的诊疗体系，给广大眼科医生提供了新的参考依据。因此，临床医生需要充分认识MOG抗体相关疾病和MOG-ON的临床特征和治疗进展，努力提高其诊断和治疗水平，使此类患者能够得到更多的获益，造福于更多的视神经疾病患者。

Optic neuritis(ON)is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the optic nerve, which is the main cause of vision loss in young and middle-aged people. In recent years, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive ON(MOG-ON)has become a research hotspot in the field of neuro-ophthalmology, and reports at home and abroad are increasing.In March 2021, the Neuro-ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association formulated the Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Demyelinating Optic Neuritis in China(2021) , and included MOG-ON as a new optic neuritis subtype in the diagnosis and treatment system of myelinating optic neuritis providing a new reference for the majority of ophthalmologists. Therefore, clinicians need to fully understand the clinical features and treatment progress of MOG antibody-related diseases and MOG-ON, and strive to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment, so that such patients can get more benefits and benefit more patients with optic nerve diseases.

非器质性视力下降也称为心因性或功能性视力下降，除视力下降外，还可伴有视野缺损，多由于精神心理疾患导致的转换障碍引起，部分患者为诈病以获取利益。本文报道1例6岁的女性患者，主诉双眼反复视力下降1年余，早期被误诊为儿童视神经炎，给予糖皮质激素冲击治疗，治疗后稍有好转。通过本例患者误诊的教训，提醒我们在遇到儿童出现不明原因的视力下降时，在没有明确器质性疾病证据时要想到非器质性视力下降的可能，掌握识别非器质性视力下降的检查方法，不能忽略相对性传入性瞳孔障碍等基础的神经眼科检查。

Non-organic vision loss is also known as psychogenic or functional vision loss. In addition to vision loss, it can also be accompanied by visual field defect. It is mostly caused by conversion obstacles caused by mental and psychological diseases. Some patients cheat to obtain benefits. This paper reports a 6-year-old female patient who complained of repeated visual acuity decline for more than one year. She was misdiagnosed as pediatric optic neuritis in the early stage and was treated with glucocorticoid shock therapy, which her condition improved slightly after treatment. The misdiagnosis of this patient teaches us that when children have unexplained visual acuity decline, we should think of the possibility of non-organic visual acuity decline when there is no clear evidence of organic diseases, master the examination methods to identify non-organic visual acuity decline, and cannot ignore the basic neuro-ophthalmic examination such as relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD).

视神经脊髓炎相关性视神经炎(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder optic neuritis，NMO-ON)是一种常见的视神经炎(optic neuritis，ON)类型。女性非白种人占优势，损伤严重，双侧受累较多，视力预后差。我国有很大部分特发性ON最终诊断为NMO-ON。在相关实验室、光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography，OCT)、磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging，MRI)等技术支持下，目前对NMO-ON的认识有了很大的进步，治疗方式除了皮质类固醇外还有免疫球蛋白、血浆置换及免疫抑制剂等。但提高NMO-ON的诊疗水平还有很长的路，更好地认识NMO-ON有助于更快速的诊断、更规范的治疗、更良好的预后。我们可以联合神经科开展多中心大样本量前瞻性的临床对照研究。

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder- optic neuritis (NMO-ON) is a common type of optic neuritis (ON). This affliction is predominant in female non-Caucasians, with severe injury, more bilateral involvement, and poor visual prognosis. In China, a large proportion of idiopathic ON is ultimately diagnosed as NMO-ON. Our understanding of NMO-ON has made great progress under the technical support, such as the relevant laboratory, optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to corticosteroids, immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive agents are also available for treatment. However, there is still a long way to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of NMO-ON. A better understanding of NMO-ON contributes to faster diagnosis, more standardized treatment, and better prognosis. We should cooperate with the neurology department to conduct a multi-center, large sample size prospective clinical control study.