近年来，眼部电流刺激(electrical stimulation,ES)在不同方向的研究中逐渐揭示了其在多种视网膜疾病中的潜在治疗价值。其中，经角膜电刺激(transcorneal electrical stimulation,TES)作为一种非侵入性的治疗方法，能对视网膜、视神经、眼底血管及其相关结构产生积极的影响。TES能够改善视力，在保护感光细胞和减缓疾病进展方面显示出积极效果，提高患者的生存质量，还能够在不损伤眼球的情况下调节大脑中的神经元活动，为视网膜疾病的治疗提供一种新的选择。该文对近年来TES在视网膜色素变性(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)、视网膜血管病、青光眼以及视神经病变等疾病中的应用研究进行了综述。研究发现，TES治疗是一种安全且无需手术的辅助治疗工具，具有广泛的应用前景。该文旨在为临床医师提供一个全面的TES研究概述，并深入探讨其在眼科学领域的潜在应用价值。然而，TES治疗的具体机制仍需进一步探讨，以便更好地应用于临床实践。同时，未来研究还应关注TES与其他治疗方法相结合的效果，以期为患者提供更多有效的治疗选择。
In recent years, electrical stimulation of the eye (ES) has gradually revealed its potential therapeutic value in a variety of retinal diseasesin different directions. Among them, transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES), as a non-invasive treatment, can have a positive effect on the retina, optic nerve, fundus vessels and related structures. TES can improve vision, show positive effects in protecting photoreceptor cells and slowing disease progression, improve the quality of life of patients, and can regulate neuronal activity in the brain without damaging the eyeball, providing a new option for the treatment of retinal diseases. The research on the application on TES on retinitis pigementosa (RP), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal angiopathy, glaucoma and optic neuropathy are reviewed in this article. It is found in the study that TES therapy is a safe and surgery-free adjuvant therapy tool, and has a wide application prospect. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with a comprehensive overview of TES research,and to explore its potential application value in the field of ophthalmology. However, the specific mechanism of TES therapy still needs to be further explored in order to better apply in clinical practice. At the same time, future studies should also focus on the effect of combining TES with other treatment methods, in order to provide more effective treatment options for patients.
局限性脉络膜凹陷(focal choroidal excavation,FCE)是表现为光感受器细胞层、视网膜色素上皮层向脉络膜层凹陷的眼底病变。发病机制多认为是先天脉络膜发育异常、炎症或感染。基于光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)，可将FCE从光感受器尖端与视网膜色素上皮层是否分离、形态特征或中央脉络膜厚度三种方式对其进行分类。FCE常合并脉络膜新生血管等疾病。该文对FCE的临床研究现状做一综述。
Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) is a retinopathy, expressing with a depression in photoreceptor cell layer and retinal pigment layer towards the choroidal layer. The pathogenesis is recongized as congenital choroidal developmental abnormalities, inflammation, or infection. Based on optical coherence tomography (OCT), FCE can be classified by three methods: the situation of photoreceptor separating from the retinal pigment upper cortex, morphological features, or central choroidal thickness. FCE is usually associated with other diseases such as choroidal neovascularization. This article reviews the current clinical research on FCE.
局限性脉络膜凹陷(focal choroidal excavation,FCE)是表现为光感受器细胞层、视网膜色素上皮层向脉络膜层凹陷的眼底病变。发病机制多认为是先天脉络膜发育异常、炎症或感染。基于光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)，可将FCE从光感受器尖端与视网膜色素上皮层是否分离、形态特征或中央脉络膜厚度三种方式对其进行分类。FCE常合并脉络膜新生血管等疾病。该文对FCE的临床研究现状做一综述。
Focal choroidal excavation (FCE) can be defined as an excavation into the choroid along the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) without evidence of corresponding staphyloma or other scleral changes. The pathogenesis is usually congenital choroidal dysplasia, inflammation or infection. Based on optical coherence tomography images, FCE can be classified in three ways: whether the photoreceptor cell layer is separated from the retinal pigment epithelium, morphological characteristics or central choroidal thickness. FCE is often associated with choroidal neovascularization and other diseases. This article will review the clinical research status of FCE.
眼眶骨折是外伤性疾病常见的眼眶并发症，部分需要行眼眶骨折修复手术治疗。不同材料的植入物，是影响手术效果和预后的重要因素之一。植入物的选择国内外至今尚未有统一的标准。目前临床上使用的植入材料多为异质材料，有不可吸收材料和可吸收材料两类。不可吸收材料使用最多的是钛网和高密度多聚乙烯(Medpor)。可吸收材料主要是各类高分子聚合物。这两类材料在临 床的使用过程中都表现出了不同的优缺点，通过查阅近5年的相关报道，对比这两类材料的优缺点，可以为临床医生的选择提供一些参考。
Orbital fracture is a common orbital complication of traumatic diseases, and some of them need to be treated by orbital fracture repair surgery. Implants of different materials are one of the important factors affecting the surgical outcome and prognosis. There is no uniform standard for the selection of implants at home and abroad. At present, most of the implant materials used in clinical practice are heterogeneous materials, including non-absorbable materials and absorbable materials. The most commonly used non-absorbable materials are titanium mesh and high-density polyethylene (Medpor). Absorbable materials are mainly all kinds of macromolecular polymers. These two types of materials have shown different advantages and disadvantages in clinical. By reviewing the relevant reports recent 5 years, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of materials, we can provide some references for clinicians to choose from.
