目的：探讨赋能教育模式在干眼患者健康教育中的应用价值。方法：选取2017年6月至12月期间首诊于南方医科大学珠江医院眼科的干眼患者，按照完全随机分配法分为试验组(n=73)及对照组(n=73)，试验组采用赋能教育模式，对照组采用传统健康教育方式。经治疗1周、1个月、2个月及6个月后，分别随访并记录每组患者的眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index，OSDI)、泪膜破裂时间值(tear film break up time，BUT)，同时记录患者家庭护理(清洁睑缘、热敷、睑板腺按摩)频率以及复诊频率。结果：赋能教育组家庭护理频率及复诊频率均优于传统教育组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组OSDI和BUT差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但试验组OSDI随时间的推移呈下降趋势，BUT值呈上升趋势；而对照组OSDI以及BUT值的变化均不明显。结论：运用赋能教育模式有助于提高干眼患者治疗的依从性，提高患者的家庭护理频率和复诊频率，显著改善患者的眼表情况，进而提高长期治疗效果。
Objective: To evaluate the application value of empowerment education mode in health education for patients with dry eye syndrome. Methods: Patients with dry eye syndrome were recruited from Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2017 to December 2017. All patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=73), educated with empowerment education mode, and control group (n=73), treated with traditional health education. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 1 month,2 months and 6 months, respectively. Data were collected in each follow-up visit including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break up time (BUT), the frequency of home care (cleaning eyelid margin, hot compress,palpebral gland massage) and re-visit frequency. Results: The OSDI and BUT were similar between two groups before corresponding treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, patients in the experimental group showed a downtrend in the OSDI and uptrend in the BUT. No significant changes were found in the control group during the follow-up. The frequency of family nursing and re-visit in the experimental group was statistically higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: The application of empowering education mode can improve the compliance of dry eye patients, improve the frequency of home care and follow-up visit, and mitigate the ocular surface of patients, thereby enhancing the long-term efficacy.
目的：测量黄斑区视网膜神经节细胞层和内界膜-视网膜色素上皮层厚度，分析其与新发缺血性脑卒中的相关性。方法：采用前瞻性研究，选择2021年12月至2022年3月在潍坊医学院附属医院体检的健康者30例(60眼)为对照组(A组)；选择同期收治且年龄匹配的新发缺血性脑卒中患者30例(60眼)为卒中组(B组)。比较两组黄斑区神经节细胞层(ganglion cell layer,GCL)和内界膜-视网膜色素上皮层(inner limiting membrane-Retinal pigment epithelium,ILM-RPE)厚度及平均GCL厚度/ILM-RPE平均容积厚度(GCL/ILM-RPE厚度比)。结果：共纳入120只眼，A、B组分别60只眼。A组的平均GCL为(83.5±4.7)μm，B组的平均GCL厚度为(78.7±10.5)μm，组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。A组的GCL最小厚度为(80.4±4.4)μm，B组的GCL最小厚度为(70.7±16.3)μm，组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。A组的ILM-RPE中心子区厚度为(247.5±19.8)μm，B组的ILM-RPE中心子区厚度为(241.6±36.3)μm，组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.393)。A组的ILM-RPE平均容积厚度为278.4±9.8μm，B组的ILM-RPE平均容积厚度为(278.5±15.3)μm，组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.448)。A组的GCL/ILM-RPE厚度比为0.300 3±0.012 2，B组的GCL/ILM-RPE厚度比为0.286 2±0.028 6，组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论：缺血性脑卒中影响GCL厚度和GCL/ILM-RPE厚度比， GCL厚度和GCL/ILM-RPE厚度比与新发缺血性脑卒中可能有关。
Objective: To measure the thickness of retinal ganglion cell layer and inner limiting membrane-retinal pigment epithelium layer in the macular region, and analyze its correlation with new-onset ischemic stroke. Methods: By using a prospective study, 30 healthy subjects (60 eyes) who underwent physical examination in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from December 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the control group (Group A). Thirty age-matched patients with new-onset ischemic stroke admitted at the same time (60 eyes) were selected as the stroke group (Group B). The ganglioncelllayer (GCL) and innerlimitingmembrane-Retinalpigmentepithelium (ILM-RPE) were compared between the two groups. It included the thickness and mean GCL thickness/Mean Volume thickness of ILM-RPE (GCL/ILM-RPE thickness ratio). Results: A total of 120 eyes were included, with 60 eyes in group A and B. The average GCL thickness in group A was (83.5±4.7) μm, and the average GCL thickness in group B was (78.7±10.5) μm,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The minimum thickness of GCL in group A was (80.4±4.4) μm, and the minimum thickness of GCL in group B was (70.7±16.3) μm, showing statistical significance(P<0.001). The thickness of the central subregion of ILM-RPE in group A was (247.5±19.8) μm, and the thickness of the central subregion of ILM-RPE in group B was (241.6±36.3) μm, and the difference was not statistically significant between two groups (P=0.393). The mean volumetric thickness of ILM-RPE in group A was (278.4±9.8) μm, and the mean volumetric thickness of ILM-RPE in group B was (278.5±15.3) μm, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.448). The GCL/ILM-RPE thickness ratio of group A was (0.300 3±0.012 2), and that of group B was (0.286 2±0.028 6), showing a statistical difference between groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke affects the GCL thickness and the thickness ratio of GCL/ILM-RPE, which may be related to new-onset ischemic stroke.
目的：运用Lea Symbols视力表、HOTV视力表对2.5~5.0岁正常儿童视力发育情况进行探究，并评价2种视力表的应用效果。方法：以随机顺序先后应用Lea Symbols视力表与HOTV视力表对广州地区2所早教中心及3所幼儿园共461例儿童(922只眼)进行单眼视力检查，所有儿童提前1 d行小瞳下检影验光、眼前节裂隙灯检查、眼底情况、眼球活动、眼位检查，筛选无器质性眼病、屈光度在正常范围的儿童作为研究对象。视力值采用5分记录方法表示。结果：1 )可测率(视力表使用配合程度)。407名儿童完成Lea Symbols视力检查，总体可测率92.08%；402名儿童完成HOTV视力检查，总体可测率90.95%；前者可测率高于后者，差异无统计学意义(χ2 =0.417，P=0.580)。进一步研究发现2种视力的可测率随年龄增长不断提高，儿童3岁之后基本都能完成2种视力的检查。2)2种视力结果及比较(5分记录法表示)。Lea视力值：右眼为4.89±0.05，左眼为4.90±0.05；HOTV视力值：右眼为4.84±0.05，左眼为4.85±0.04；前者视力好于后者，差异有统计学意义(右眼：t=3.171，P=0.003；左眼：t=3.230，P=0.003)。3)视力发育与年龄的相关性。2种视力发育与年龄存在显著正相关(P<0.001)，即随着年龄的增长，视力水平逐渐提高。4)视力发育与眼别、性别的关系。左右眼之间的视力发育差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；男性儿童的视力发育好于女性，且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：Lea Symbols及HOTV视力表建议用于年龄大于3岁儿童的视力检查，且儿童更容易接受Lea Symbols视力表的检查。伴随年龄的增长，儿童的视力发育呈现提高的趋势；Lea视力优于HOTV视力。视力的发育与眼别无关，男性儿童的视力发育快于女性儿童。
Objective: To conduct a preliminary study of the Lea Symbols and HOTV charts to explore the visual development of children aged 2.5 to 5.0 years, and evaluate the application values of the two charts. Methods: A total of 461 children (922 eyes) in 2 early education centers and 3 kindergartens in Guangzhou were examined by using the Lea Symbols visual acuity chart and HOTV visual acuity chart in random order. All the children underwent low-pupil photometry, anterior section slit-lamp examination, retinal condition, eye movement, and eye position examination 1 day in advance. Children with no organic eye disease and normal diopter were selected as subjects. Visual acuity was recorded with 5 points. Results: 1) Measurable rate (visual acuity chart use degree of cooperation). 407 children completed visual examination of Lea Symbols, with an overall detectable rate of 92.08%; 402 children completed HOTV vision examination, with an overall detectable rate of 90.95%. The detectable rate of the former was higher than that of the latter, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.417, P=0.580). Further study found that the detectable rate of both visual acuities increased with age, and children were able to complete both visual acuity tests after the age of 3. 2) Results and comparison of two visual acuity (5-point recording method). The visual acuity of Lea was 4.89±0.05 in the right eye and 4.90±0.05 in the left eye. HOTV visual acuity was 4.84±0.05 in the right eye and 4.85±0.04 in the left eye. The visual acuity of the former was better than that of the latter, the difference was statistically significant (right eye: t=3.171, P=0.003; left eye: t=3.230, P=0.003). 3) Correlation between visual development and age. There was a significant positive correlation between the two types of visual development and age (P<0.001), that is, visual acuity gradually improves with age. 4) The relationship between visual development and eye and sex. There was no difference in visual development between the left and right eyes, but male children had better visual development than female, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lea Symbols and HOTV visual acuity charts are recommended for visual acuity examination of children over 3 years old, and children are more likely to receive examination of Lea Symbols visual acuity chart. With the growth of age, the visual development of children shows a trend of improvement. Lea vision is superior to HOTV vision. Vision development has nothing to do with the eye, male children’s vision development is faster than female children.
目的：运用Lea Symbols视力表、HOTV视力表对2.5~5.0岁正常儿童视力发育情况进行探究，并评价2种视力表的应用效果。方法：以随机顺序先后应用Lea Symbols视力表与HOTV视力表对广州地区2所早教中心及3所幼儿园共461例儿童(922只眼)进行单眼视力检查，所有儿童提前1 d行小瞳下检影验光、眼前节裂隙灯检查、眼底情况、眼球活动、眼位检查，筛选无器质性眼病、屈光度在正常范围的儿童作为研究对象。视力值采用5分记录方法表示。结果：1 )可测率(视力表使用配合程度)。407名儿童完成Lea Symbols视力检查，总体可测率92.08%；402名儿童完成HOTV视力检查，总体可测率90.95%；前者可测率高于后者，差异无统计学意义(χ 2 =0.417，P=0.580)。进一步研究发现2种视力的可测率随年龄增长不断提高，儿童3岁之后基本都能完成2种视力的检查。2)2种视力结果及比较(5分记录法表示)。Lea视力值：右眼为4.89±0.05，左眼为4.90±0.05；HOTV视力值：右眼为4.84±0.05，左眼为4.85±0.04；前者视力好于后者，差异有统计学意义(右眼：t=3.171，P=0.003；左眼：t=3.230，P=0.003)。3)视力发育与年龄的相关性。2种视力发育与年龄存在显著正相关(P<0.001)，即随着年龄的增长，视力水平逐渐提高。4)视力发育与眼别、性别的关系。左右眼之间的视力发育差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；男性儿童的视力发育好于女性，且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：Lea Symbols及HOTV视力表建议用于年龄大于3岁儿童的视力检查，且儿童更容易接受Lea Symbols视力表的检查。伴随年龄的增长，儿童的视力发育呈现提高的趋势；Lea视力优于HOTV视力。视力的发育与眼别无关，男性儿童的视力发育快于女性儿童。
Objective: To conduct a preliminary study of the Lea Symbols and HOTV charts to explore the visual development of children aged 2.5 to 5.0 years, and evaluate the application values of the two charts. Methods: A total of 461 children (922 eyes) in 2 early education centers and 3 kindergartens in Guangzhou were examined by using the Lea Symbols visual acuity chart and HOTV visual acuity chart in random order. All the children underwent low-pupil photometry, anterior section slit-lamp examination, retinal condition, eye movement, and eye position examination 1 day in advance. Children with no organic eye disease and normal diopter were selected as subjects. Visual acuity was recorded with 5 points. Results: 1) Measurable rate (visual acuity chart use degree of cooperation). 407 children completed visual examination of Lea Symbols, with an overall detectable rate of 92.08%; 402 children completed HOTV vision examination, with an overall detectable rate of 90.95%. The detectable rate of the former was higher than that of the latter, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.417, P=0.580). Further study found that the detectable rate of both visual acuities increased with age, and children were able to complete both visual acuity tests after the age of 3. 2) Results and comparison of two visual acuity (5-point recording method). The visual acuity of Lea was 4.89±0.05 in the right eye and 4.90±0.05 in the left eye. HOTV visual acuity was 4.84±0.05 in the right eye and 4.85±0.04 in the left eye. The visual acuity of the former was better than that of the latter, the difference was statistically significant (right eye: t=3.171, P=0.003; left eye: t=3.230, P=0.003). 3) Correlation between visual development and age. There was a significant positive correlation between the two types of visual development and age (P<0.001), that is, visual acuity gradually improves with age. 4) The relationship between visual development and eye and sex. There was no difference in visual development between the left and right eyes, but male children had better visual development than female, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lea Symbols and HOTV visual acuity charts are recommended for visual acuity examination of children over 3 years old, and children are more likely to receive examination of Lea Symbols visual acuity chart. With the growth of age, the visual development of children shows a trend of improvement. Lea vision is superior to HOTV vision. Vision development has nothing to do with the eye, male children’s vision development is faster than female children.
目的：运用Lea Symbols视力表、HOTV视力表对2.5~5.0岁正常儿童视力发育情况进行探究，并评价2种视力表的应用效果。方法：以随机顺序先后应用Lea Symbols视力表与HOTV视力表对广州地区2所早教中心及3所幼儿园共461例儿童(922只眼)进行单眼视力检查，所有儿童提前1 d行小瞳下检影验光、眼前节裂隙灯检查、眼底情况、眼球活动、眼位检查，筛选无器质性眼病、屈光度在正常范围的儿童作为研究对象。视力值采用5分记录方法表示。结果：1)可测率(视力表使用配合程度)。407名儿童完成Lea Symbols视力检查，总体可测率92.08%；402名儿童完成HOTV视力检查，总体可测率90.95%；前者可测率高于后者，差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.417，P=0.580)。进一步研究发现2种视力的可测率随年龄增长不断提高，儿童3岁之后基本都能完成2种视力的检查。2)2种视力结果及比较(5分记录法表示)。Lea视力值：右眼为4.89±0.05，左眼为4.90±0.05；HOTV视力值：右眼为4.84±0.05，左眼为4.85±0.04；前者视力好于后者，差异有统计学意义(右眼：t=3.171，P=0.003；左眼：t=3.230，P=0.003)。3)视力发育与年龄的相关性。2种视力发育与年龄存在显著正相关(P<0.001)，即随着年龄的增长，视力水平逐渐提高。4)视力发育与眼别、性别的关系。左右眼之间的视力发育差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；男性儿童的视力发育好于女性，且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：Lea Symbols及HOTV视力表建议用于年龄大于3岁儿童的视力检查，且儿童更容易接受Lea Symbols视力表的检查。伴随年龄的增长，儿童的视力发育呈现提高的趋势；Lea视力优于HOTV视力。视力的发育与眼别无关，男性儿童的视力发育快于女性儿童。
Objective: To conduct a preliminary study of the Lea Symbols and HOTV charts to explore the visual development of children aged 2.5 to 5.0 years, and evaluate the application values of the two charts. Methods: A total of 461 children (922 eyes) in 2 early education centers and 3 kindergartens in Guangzhou were examined by using the Lea Symbols visual acuity chart and HOTV visual acuity chart in random order. All the children underwent low-pupil photometry, anterior section slit-lamp examination, retinal condition, eye movement, and eye position examination 1 day in advance. Children with no organic eye disease and normal diopter were selected as subjects. Visual acuity was recorded with 5 points. Results: 1) Measurable rate (visual acuity chart use degree of cooperation). 407 children completed visual examination of Lea Symbols, with an overall detectable rate of 92.08%; 402 children completed HOTV vision examination, with an overall detectable rate of 90.95%. The detectable rate of the former was higher than that of the latter, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.417, P=0.580). Further study found that the detectable rate of both visual acuities increased with age, and children were able to complete both visual acuity tests after the age of 3. 2) Results and comparison of two visual acuity (5-point recording method). The visual acuity of Lea was 4.89±0.05 in the right eye and 4.90±0.05 in the left eye. HOTV visual acuity was 4.84±0.05 in the right eye and 4.85±0.04 in the left eye. The visual acuity of the former was better than that of the latter, the difference was statistically significant (right eye: t=3.171, P=0.003; left eye: t=3.230, P=0.003). 3) Correlation between visual development and age. There was a significant positive correlation between the two types of visual development and age (P<0.001), that is, visual acuity gradually improves with age. 4) The relationship between visual development and eye and sex. There was no difference in visual development between the left and right eyes, but male children had better visual development than female, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Lea Symbols and HOTV visual acuity charts are recommended for visual acuity examination of children over 3 years old, and children are more likely to receive examination of Lea Symbols visual acuity chart. With the growth of age, the visual development of children shows a trend of improvement. Lea vision is superior to HOTV vision. Vision development has nothing to do with the eye, male children’s vision development is faster than female children.
目的：探讨赋能教育模式在干眼患者健康教育中的应用价值。方法：选取2017年6月至12月期间首诊于南方医科大学珠江医院眼科的干眼患者，按照完全随机分配法分为试验组(n=73)及对照组(n=73)，试验组采用赋能教育模式，对照组采用传统健康教育方式。经治疗1周、1个月、2个月及6个月后，分别随访并记录每组患者的眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index，OSDI)、泪膜破裂时间值(tear film break up time，BUT)，同时记录患者家庭护理(清洁睑缘、热敷、睑板腺按摩)频率以及复诊频率。结果：赋能教育组家庭护理频率及复诊频率均优于传统教育组(P<0.05)。治疗前两组OSDI和BUT差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但试验组OSDI随时间的推移呈下降趋势，BUT值呈上升趋势；而对照组OSDI以及BUT值的变化均不明显。结论：运用赋能教育模式有助于提高干眼患者治疗的依从性，提高患者的家庭护理频率和复诊频率，显著改善患者的眼表情况，进而提高长期治疗效果。
Objective: To evaluate the application value of empowerment education mode in health education for patients with dry eye syndrome. Methods: Patients with dry eye syndrome were recruited from Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2017 to December 2017. All patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=73), educated with empowerment education mode, and control group (n=73), treated with traditional health education. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months, respectively. Data were collected in each follow-up visit including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break up time (BUT), the frequency of home care (cleaning eyelid margin, hot compress, palpebral gland massage) and re-visit frequency. Results: The OSDI and BUT were similar between two groups before corresponding treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, patients in the experimental group showed a downtrend in the OSDI and uptrend in the BUT. No significant changes were found in the control group during the follow-up. The frequency of family nursing and re-visit in the experimental group was statistically higher than that in the control group. Conclusion: The application of empowering education mode can improve the compliance of dry eye patients, improve the frequency of home care and follow-up visit, and mitigate the ocular surface of patients, thereby enhancing the long-term efficacy.
