目的：研究“中山眼鼻相关疾病·内镜论坛”的培训效果及其影响因素。方法：采用调取平台数据和调查问卷的方法，研究2020年6月至2022年5月16期“中山眼鼻相关疾病·内镜论坛”的参与人员情况和培训效果反馈，并分析专业、职称、地域等因素对培训效果的影响。结果：学员合计7889人，27634人次，以副主任医师30.2%(2382人)和主治医师32.9%(2597人)为主。参与学员人数从第1期的269人，逐渐增加到第16期的2537人。学员参与人数最多和收获最大的主题均为应用解剖和影像学、甲状腺相关眼病、泪道疾病。通过调查问卷发现：75.4%(95/126)的学员认为所学内容对今后的临床工作具有非常大的作用；84.1%(106/126)的学员应用所学的知识改进了日常临床工作；96.0%(121/126)的学员愿意参加中山眼科中心举办的线下实操的眼鼻相关解剖学习班。对于所学知识在今后临床工作的作用，副主任医师和主治医师认为“非常有用”的比例明显高于主任医师。在是否将所学知识应用于日常临床工作方面，副主任医师和主治医师认为“是”的比例明显高于主任医师和住院医师。参与6~16次论坛的学员，培训效果明显优于参与1~5次的学员。结论：眼鼻相关疾病·内镜微创领域在眼科和鼻科领域关注度日益提升。“中山眼鼻相关疾病·内镜论坛”有助于学员理论知识的扩展和提升，对眼鼻相关疾病医生的日常临床工作具有很好的作用，主治医师和副主任医师职称的学员培训效果更好，参与论坛次数多的学员培训效果更好。

Objective: To assess the training effects of “Zhongshan Eye and Nose Related Diseases and Endoscopy Forums” and its influencing factors, propose targeted suggestions for training focus and teaching methods, and improve the teaching quality. Methods: Statistics of live broadcast platform data and custom-designed questionnaires were used to inquire the participants enrolled in the 16 sessions of “Zhongshan Eye and Nose Related Diseases and Endoscopy Forums” from June 2020 to May 2022 for their feedbacks on training effects. The influence of their professions, titles, regions and other factors on the training effects was analyzed. Results: A total of 7 899 participants were enrolled in “Zhongshan Eye and Nose Related Diseases and Endoscopy Forums”, and the total live broadcast person-time was 27 634. Associate senior doctors (30.2%, 2 382) and attending doctors (32.9%, 2 597) accounted for the largest proportion. The number of participants gradually increased from 269 in the first session to 2 537 in the 16th. The topics with the largest number of participants and the greatest gains were applied anatomy and imaging, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, and lacrimal duct diseases. Through the questionnaire study, 75.4% (95/126) of the participants thought that what they had learned in the forums was very important for their future clinical work; 84.1% (106/126) of the participants applied the knowledge to improve their daily clinical work; 96.0% (121/126) of the participants were willing to participate in the offline practice of eye and nose anatomy classes held by Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center. In terms of the role of the learned knowledge in the future clinical work, the proportion of associate senior doctors and attending doctors who thought "very useful" was significantly higher than that of senior doctors. In terms of whether to apply the knowledge learned to daily clinical work, the proportion of associate senior doctors and attending doctors thinking “yes” was significantly higher than that of senior doctors and residents. Participants who participated in 6–16 sessions had significantly better training results than those who participated in 1–5 sessions. Conclusion: Eye and nose related diseases are attracting increasing attention in ophthalmology and rhinology. “Zhongshan Eye and Nose Related Diseases and Endoscopy Forums” are conducive to the expansion and improvement of participants’ theoretical knowledge, and plays a good role in the daily clinical work of doctors with eye and nose related diseases. The training effect of attending doctors and associate senior doctors is better, and the training effect of participants who participate in the forum more times is better.

目的：通过在血管灌注尸头标本上模拟经鼻内镜下鼻泪管-泪囊切除术探讨该术式的基本操作以及在经鼻内镜下鼻泪管-泪囊和其周围结构的解剖关系，以期为临床开展该术式提供解剖学依据。方法：采用5个动、静脉双灌注成人尸头标本(共10侧)进行解剖学研究。在标本上进行经鼻内镜下暴露全程鼻泪管及泪囊，观察鼻泪管-泪囊切除过程的解剖标志和毗邻关系。结果：10侧泪囊-鼻泪管的解剖显示全部泪囊均位于鼻丘的前方稍外侧，泪囊顶基本和鼻丘顶平齐，泪囊体大部分位于中鼻甲腋窝水平线上方。泪囊窝后内壁由泪骨构成，泪骨后内方与鼻丘气房相邻。泪囊底向下移行为膜性鼻泪管进入骨性鼻泪管，鼻泪管在鼻腔外侧壁的投影位于钩突垂直部前缘前方约3~7mm。鼻泪管下鼻道开口距离下鼻甲前端的距离为(16±3)mm。泪囊长度为(13.8±1.8)mm，鼻泪管长度为(23.2±3.6)mm。结论：经鼻内镜入路可充分暴露和切除全程鼻泪管和泪囊。本解剖研究展示的基本操作过程和解剖标志可为临床开展经鼻内镜鼻泪管-泪囊切除术提供解剖学参考。

Objective: By simulating transnasal endoscopic resection of nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac on cadaveric specimens with vascular perfusion, the basic process of this procedure and the anatomical relationship between nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac were explored, providing anatomical basis for clinical application. Methods: Five adult cadaver head specimens (10 sides in total) were used for anatomical study. The nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac were exposed under transnasal endoscopy, and the anatomical landmarks and their relationship with adjacent areas during the resection of nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac were observed. Results: Ten sides of nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac showed that all lacrimal sacs were located anterior and slightly lateral to the nasal mound. The roof of lacrimal sac was almost the same height as the roof of nasal mound. The body of lacrimal sac was almost located above the horizontal line of the middle turbinate axilla. The posterior inner wall of the lacrimal fossa was composed of lacrimal bone. The posterior inner side of the lacrimal bone was adjacent to the agger nasi cell. The bottom of the lacrimal sac moved downward as the membranous part of the nasolacrimal duct located in the bony part of the nasolacrimal duct. The projection of the nasolacrimal duct on the lateral nasal wall was located about 3–7 mm in front of the anterior edge of the vertical part of the uncinate process. The distance between the inferior meatus opening of the nasolacrimal duct and the anterior end of the inferior turbinate was (16±3) mm. The length of the lacrimal sac was (13.8±1.8) mm, and the length of the nasolacrimal duct was (23.2±3.6) mm. Conclusion: The transnasal endoscopic approach can fully expose and resect the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac. The basic operation process and anatomical landmarks demonstrated in this anatomical study provide an anatomical reference for the clinical development of transnasal endoscopic resection of nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac.