Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, accounting for 50 percent of blindness cases in low- and middle-income countries. With the increase in population aging, the number of cataract blindness cases in China is expected to reach 20 million by 2050. Low health expenditures, shortages of medical equipment and ophthalmologists, and high screening costs are still the main reasons why mass cataract screening is not possible in low- and middle-income countries. Artificial intelligence-assisted cataract diagnosis has the advantages of being convenient, low-cost, and able to be performed remotely, which is expected to reduce or even avoid cataract blindness. In this review, we will briefly summarize the research on automatic cataract diagnosis by artificial intelligence (AI) by combining optical images, fundus photographs, and swept source optical coherance tomography images.
AIM：To evaluate the feasibility of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone intravitreal implant Ozurdex? combined with ranibizumab by comparing with ranibizumab alone for treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: Clinical data of fifty-one eyes of 51 CRVO-ME patients who were admitted to the eye center of the Second People's Hospital in Foshan from January 2022 to June 2023 were observed . They were divided into two groups: the combination （COM） group (11 patients with consecutive monthly intravitreal ranibizumab and Ozurdex? injections) and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) group (40 patients with “3+PRN”intravitreal ranibizumab injections). Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT), treatment costs. RESULTS: After 3.5mo and 6mo treatment, the differences in BCVA and CRT were statistically significantboth in the COM and anti-VEGF groups comparing with those pre-treatment(P<0.05).After 3.5mo treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA(P=0.917), or self-payment costs(P=0.097)in the COM versus anti-VEGF groups, but with statistically significant difference in CRT(P=0.026) and total treatment costs (P<0.01),. After 6mo treatment, no significant differences (P<0.05) were noted in BCVA and CRT between the COM and anti-VEGF groups. Within 6 months of follow-up, the number of injections was (2.27 ± 0.47) times in the COM group and (3.78 ± 1.00) times in the anti-VEGF group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The combination of Ozurdex? and ranibizumab has been shown to be comparable effective with anti-VEGF alone model in the treatment of CRVO-ME. Combination therapy reduces the amount of intravitreal injections and relieves the patients’ financial burden.
Objective: To develop a cellular-level, high-resolution, integrated dual-modal full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) system capable of simultaneously imaging the structure and function of limbus tissue. Methods: Utilizing the Linnik interference imaging principle, a high-resolution dual-modal FFOCT system was designed and constructed using a high numerical aperture (NA=0.8) microscope objective and a high-speed flat CMOS camera. A functional imaging reconstruction algorithm based on four-phase modulation structure image extraction and dynamic frequency spectrum analysis of temporal interference signals was developed. The effectiveness of dual-mode FFOCT imaging at various depth layers of human corneal limbal tissue was validated. Results: The constructed dual-modal FFOCT imaging system achieved lateral resolution of 0.5 μm, axial resolution of 1.7 μm, imaging field of view of 320 μm × 320 μm, and camera acquisition speed of 100 Hz. The system enabled cellular-level resolution three-dimensional structural and intrinsic functional imaging of corneal limbal tissue without exogenous labeling. Static structural FFOCT images clearly displayed limbal epithelium, palisades of Vogt, crypts, stroma, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, while dynamic functional FFOCT images highlighted metabolically active cells (limbal epithelial cells, immune cells, etc.). Conclusion: The dual-modal FFOCT high-resolution imaging system provides visualization of corneal limbal microstructural and live cell intrinsic functional information without labeling, offering a novel imaging analysis technique for research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of limbal diseases.
Purpose: To investigate the long-term effect of orthokeratology on the choroidal thickness and choroidal contour in myopic children. Methods: Subjects were from a conducted 2-year Randomized Clinical Trial. Children (n=80) aged 8-12 years with spherical equivalent refraction of -1.00 to -6.00D were randomly assigned to the control group (n=40) and ortho-k group (n=40). OCT images were collected at the baseline, 1-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month visits, then the choroidal thickness and choroid contour were calculated. Axial length (AL) and other ocular biometrics were also measured. Results: During two years, in the control group, the choroidal thickness became thinning and the choroidal contour became prolate with time at all visits (all P<0.001). Ortho-k can improve the choroidal thickness (all P<0.001) and maintain the choroidal contour at all visits (all P<0.05). In the ortho-k group, the choroidal contour was less changed in the temporal than nasal (P=0.008), and the choroidal thickness was more thickening in the temporal 3mm (P<0.001). Two-year change in choroidal thickness was significantly associated with the two-year AL change in the control group (r=-0.52, P<0.001), however, this trend was broken by ortho-k (r=-0.05, P=0.342). After being adjusted by other variables in the multivariable regression model, the effect of ortho-k on choroidal thickness was stable. Conclusion: In the current 2-year prospective study, ortho-k can improve the choroidal thickness and maintain the choroidal contour, but this effect diminished in a long term. Further study with larger sample size and longer follow-up is warranted to refine this issue.
The patient was a 35-year-old male who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of an outside hospital in February 2023 with "a central dark spot in the left eye for 8 days". He was diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in the left eye after fundus color photography and optical coherence tomography, and was treated under observation. herpes zoster (HZ) appeared around April 5, 2023, and on April 11, 2023, he suddenly developed painless vision loss in the left eye, which was not taken seriously. developed painless vision loss in the left eye, which was not taken seriously at the time, and on May 2, 2023, the patient was seen in our ophthalmology department. Best-corrected visual acuity: right eye: 1.0, left eye: FC/60 cm. The patient underwent multimodal imaging examinations such as color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance imaging, and fluorescein fundus angiography at our hospital, and was correctly diagnosed with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in the left eye. After 1 month and 1 year follow-up, the patient's OCT suggested atrophy and thinning of the macular central recess in the left eye, atrophy and disappearance of the outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid band, and chimeric band, and disorganization of the RPE, but the peripapillary retinal structure around the macula was clear.The results of the OCTA examination suggested that the patient's left eye had a reduced blood density in the deep layer of the retina's capillary plexus.The fundus alterations of AMN are not obvious or atypical, which is very easy to cause misdiagnosis and omission, and in this paper, the clinical features of this disease were investigated. reviews the clinical features of this disease, discusses its possible pathological mechanisms, and reminds ophthalmologists of the need for heightened vigilance, early recognition, and early intervention.
The patient was a 35-year-old male who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology of an outside hospital in February 2023 with "a central dark spot in the left eye for 8 days". He was diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in the left eye after fundus color photography and optical coherence tomography, and was treated under observation. herpes zoster (HZ) appeared around April 5, 2023, and on April 11, 2023, he suddenly developed painless vision loss in the left eye, which was not taken seriously. developed painless vision loss in the left eye, which was not taken seriously at the time, and on May 2, 2023, the patient was seen in our ophthalmology department. Best-corrected visual acuity: right eye: 1.0, left eye: FC/60 cm. The patient underwent multimodal imaging examinations such as color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance imaging, and fluorescein fundus angiography at our hospital, and was correctly diagnosed with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in the left eye. After 1 month and 1 year follow-up, the patient's OCT suggested atrophy and thinning of the macular central recess in the left eye, atrophy and disappearance of the outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid band, and chimeric band, and disorganization of the RPE, but the peripapillary retinal structure around the macula was clear.The results of the OCTA examination suggested that the patient's left eye had a reduced blood density in the deep layer of the retina's capillary plexus.The fundus alterations of AMN are not obvious or atypical, which is very easy to cause misdiagnosis and omission, and in this paper, the clinical features of this disease were investigated. reviews the clinical features of this disease, discusses its possible pathological mechanisms, and reminds ophthalmologists of the need for heightened vigilance, early recognition, and early intervention.
Iron ions play a critical role in maintaining cellular metabolism, DNA synthesis, and repair in the cornea. However, excessive accumulation of iron can lead to cell damage and death through iron-mediated cell death, thus triggering diseases. By summarizing previous research findings and evidence of keratoconus, we speculate that the imbalance of iron homeostasis may be one of the mechanisms underlying corneal stromal thinning and the onset of keratoconus. This article focuses on elucidating the normal iron cycling homeostasis in the cornea and the close relationship between iron homeostasis imbalance and the onset of keratoconus. We emphasize the crucial role of oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in this process, and finally propose potential therapeutic approaches based on iron homeostasis, including iron chelators and modulation of iron death-related proteins. We also discuss the prospects of these therapeutic approaches in corneal diseases. Through comprehensive and in-depth research, this article provides a new perspective on understanding the relationship between iron homeostasis and keratoconus, and offers valuable insights for the development of future personalized treatment strategies.
The "visual benchmark" in children's myopia prevention and control is a visual task that is set in physical education to attract students 'vision and stimulate students' dynamic vision. Label. According to the definition of medium displacement in physics, the concept of position changes in the mass of the object can be divided into three forms when setting the vision: students identify the visual beacon fixed on the equipment during the movement, the student fixed site recognizes the visual album on the mobile body 2. Students identify the vision on the movement of the movement during their movements.
A female patient presented with visual acuity lossandforeign body sensation in the left eye for 6 months. The patient was diagnosed with corneal ectasia on ophthalmic examination and was diagnosed with carotid-cavernous fistula upon admission. In this case, the patient was diagnosed with the first ophthalmology department due to ocular symptoms, and the final diagnosis was definitively as corneal ectasia secondary to carotid-cavernous fistula. This case is rare and it is hoped that it will help ophthalmologists make a comprehensive diagnosis.
Fungal corneal ulcer is an infectious corneal disease with a high risk of blindness, and early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important for the prognosis of patients. Corneal scraping microscopy can assist in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis, while corneal scraping fungal culture is the gold standard for diagnosing fungal keratitis. This article reports a case of fungal keratitis caused by the rare fungus Sarocladium. Through the combination of corneal laser scanning confocal microscopy and corneal ulcer scraping fungal culture, the diagnosis of Sarocladium keratitis was confirmed by the rapid identification of mass spectrometer, and intimately fungal treatment was carried out, The patient's prognosis was good. Based on this, the diagnostic methods for Sarocladium keratitis are summarized in order to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis of rare fungal genera.
