Objective: To evaluate the application of flipped classroom combined with revised mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) in standardized training for ophthalmology residents. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 39 residents who participated in the standardized training graduation examination during 2018 to 2021 in ophthalmology department of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The comprehensive ability assessment including the improved Mini-CEX, pass rate of program completion, course attendance rate, and students’ satisfaction with the teaching mode were compared before and after the implementation of the flipped classroom teaching method. Results: There are no significant difference of sex or educational level was found between the experimental group (20 people graduated in year 2020 and 2021) and the control group (19 people graduated in year 2018 and 2019). Compared with the controls, the pass rate (100.00% vs 68.42%, P=0.008) and the average scores of revised Mini-CEX (P=0.011) and radiology (P=0.025) were significantly higher in the experimental group, while the average scores of basics and electrocardiograph were almost the same. Among the 4 years, the average revised Mini-CEX scores (P=0.006) and attendance rate of off-line courses (P=0.025) significantly progressed. Surveys of satisfaction degree suggested that the experimental group were significantly more satisfied with the education they accepted during their residency training program. Conclusion: It is effective to apply flipped classroom combined with revised Mini-CEX in residency training program of ophthalmology. Further study and development on this teaching pattern is encouraged.
Objective: To understand the current situation and needs of scientific research training for ophthalmologists in general hospitals during standardized training, and to provide scientific basis for the future development of courses to improve the scientific research capabilities of residents. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 42 residents in the Eye Center of Peking University Third Hospital in July 2021, and the results were analyzed. We conduct research from three aspects: scientific research status, scientific research ability and scientific research needs. The scientific research ability is scored by the mastery of conventional scientific research skills and the use of software. Finally, the score obtained by summarizing the various scores is the scientific research ability score. Correlation analysis is carried out on the status of scientific research and possible ability scores, and the corresponding analysis methods are selected according to the data type for other data. Results: A total of 42 residents of Peking University Third Hospital participated in the questionnaire survey, including 20 males and 22 females, with an average age of 25 years. 90.5% of residents have participated in scientific research, and the content of scientific research mainly comes from the arrangement of supervisors (90.5%). Only 14.3% of residents have good scientific research capabilities (research ability scores of18 points and above). In addition, 92.9% of residents believe that clinical research is helpful to the understanding of clinical skills, and 97.6% of participants believe that it is necessary to conduct continuing education and training on clinical research methods. Conclusion: The scientific research ability of ophthalmology residents is generally low. The current standardized training cannot meet the needs of the residents’ scientific research ability training. The curriculum design and content arrangement need more extensive and practical expansion.
Most of the choroidal rupture is mostly caused by impact injury, and the impact force is caused by the vitreous conduction through the fundus. Therefore, the choroidal rupture generally has a clear history of trauma or blunt trauma. This article will report a case of a 16-year-old boy in a sports school who developed multiple choroidal ruptures without obvious trauma history. Through literature review, it was found that choroidal rupture can occur without obvious or minor trauma in subtle pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) disease, and based on literature review, this case was considered as a possibility of subtle PXE.
Objective: To get a macro understanding of the clinical trials of ophthalmic drugs in China from 2015 to 2020, provide the latest data reference for development of ophthalmic drugs and clinical research in China, and provide the basis for relevant decision-making. Methods: The number of clinical trials and related investigational products from 2015 to 2020 were acquired in the China Food and Drug Administration Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Studies. Characteristics on number, stage, scope, indications, type were summarized and depicted. Results: There were 98 ophthalmic clinical trials registered in China from January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. The year of 2020 hit the highest record of registered ophthalmic clinical trials for 28, accounting for 28.57%. Among sponsor, 75 (accounting for 76.53%) were initiated by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, much higher than initiated by foreign pharmaceutical enterprises (23, accounting for 23.47%). Among stage, the quantity of phase I (35, accounting for 35.71%) was the largest, followed by phase III (30, accounting for 30.61%). Among type, the quantity of biological product was the largest (55, accounting for 56.12%), followed by chemical product (36, accounting for 36.73%). Conclusion: The past 6 years have seen vigorous growth of ophthalmic clinical trials, particularly in the last 2 years in the field of fundus. Domestic pharmaceutical enterprises have become the central pillar of ophthalmic drugs renovation. However, their focus is limited to fundus, innovation is still needed in areas such as glaucoma xerophthalmia.
Objective: To explore transition care needs among patients with keratoplasty in day ward and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, 173 patients undergoing keratoplasty in day ward were selected, and they were investigated by using a self-designed general information questionnaire and a questionnaire of transitional care needs of patients with keratoplasty in day ward. T-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The total score of transitional care needs among patients with keratoplasty in day ward was 88.13±15.55. The demand for disease related knowledge was the highest (4.39±0.66), the demand for mental nursing was the lowest (2.72±1.18). In terms of the way of implementation, 74.6% patients preferred telephone follow-up and only 5.8% preferred door-to-door service. Single-factor analysis showed that marital status, vision, monthly income, educational level were the factors influencing the demand for transitional care (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with keratoplasty in day ward have a high demand for transitional care. In order to improve the success rate of keratoplasty and reduce the incidence of complications, personalized guidance should be given according to patients’ transitional care needs and influencing factors.
Corneal foreign body is one of common diseases in ophthalmic emergency. Improper handling can cause different degree of corneal injuries, even corneal infection, perforation and endophthalmitis. Therefore, it is essential to eliminate corneal foreign bodies safely and effectively. This article mainly summarizes the influence of the characteristics of the corneal foreign bodies, the first diagnosis time after injury, corneal co-infection and the methods of weeding out the corneal foreign bodies upon the clinical prognosis of corneal foreign body removal, aiming to provide useful reference for medical practitioners in removing corneal foreign bodies.
Objective: To assess the repeatability and reproducibility in measurements of retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity in diabetic patients using the Automated Retinal Image Analyzer (ARIA). Methods: A prospective diagnostic trial was performed; 2 skilled researchers performed a semi-automatic analysis of retinal vessels in digital color fundus photography (45° field of view centered on the optic disc) from 49 diabetic patients using ARIA software. Six largest arterioles and venules coursing through an area of 0.5–1.0 disc diameter surrounding the optic disc were selected. Then the retinal vessel parameters were calculated into the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR), mean retinal arteriolar tortuosity (MRAT) and mean retinal venular tortuosity (MRVT). To evaluate the repeatability of those values in 2 measurements by the same researcher and the reproducibility between different researchers. Bland-Altman analysis was employed to assess the agreement of the outcomes. Results: There was no significant difference in the CRAE, CRVE, and AVR values in the two-time measurements of researcher A (t= -0.089, -1.425 and 1.214, all P>0.05). It also showed a good repeatability and a highly positive correlation (ICC≥0.725, r≥0.721). There was no significant difference in those measurements between researcher A and B (t= -1.169, -0.050, 0.941, all P>0.05). It also showed a good reproducibility and a highly positive correlation (ICC≥0.750, r≥0.697). Results showed that there was no significant difference in the MRAT and MRVT values both in intraobserver and interobserver measurements (P≥0.05). Besides, Spearman’s nonparametric correlation analysis showed good repeatability and reproducibility (r≥0.571, r≥0.588, all P<0.01). Conclusion: ARIA software yields good repeatability and reproducibility in the measurements of retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity in diabetic patients.
