Integrating the ideological and political concept of the curriculum into professional courses to cultivate morality and talents is a common practice in universities. This paper briefly introduces the commonly used ophthalmic rodent models as useful tools in six specific aspects: corneal disease, cataract, glaucoma, retinal disease, choroidal disease, and uveitis, in the field of animal technology, according to the features of laboratory skills training courses, as well as students' demand for pre-class preparation and after-class review. By summarizing the modeling steps, eye phenotypes, as well as some principles, advantages, and disadvantages, this paper provides a valuable reference for the selection and establishment of animal models of ophthalmic diseases. Additionally, the teaching design optimizing preview and review provides useful exploration and practice of ideological and political teaching in molecular medicine-related courses.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetic mellitus (DM), which occurs when the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is lost due to the lesion. Diabetic macular edema (DME) can lead to irreversible vision loss, and the clinical tools used to diagnose DME include fundus photography, OCT, and FFA. In addition to laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy and anti-inflammatory therapy, some emerging therapies and combination therapy have become the main trend in the treatment of DME.
Objective : To observe the changes of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery blood flow in contralateral healthy eyes of patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and their correlation with time from onset to visit. Methods: 32 patients (32 eyes) who were confirmed as retinal artery occlusion by clinical examination were randomly selected as the affected eye group, 32 contralateral healthy eyes were taken as the healthy eye group and 34 healthy people (34 eyes) as the control group. All eyes were examined by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscope, intraocular pressure and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). CRAO patients underwent FFA examination within 3 days. When BCVA statistics are performed, it was converted to the logarithm of minimal angle resolution (LogMAR). Results: CRAmax in the affected eye group and healthy eye group was significantly lower than that in the?control group, while CRAmin in the healthy eye group was significantly higher than that in the?control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=4088, 2.888, 2.701, p=0.001,?0.001, 0.09; p < 0.05); compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in?OAmax, OAmin, OAPI, CRAPI (affected eye group and healthy eye group) and CRAmin (affected?eye group) (t=1. 652, 0.863, 0.202, 0.769, 1.106, 0.105, 0.908, 0.122, 0.486, p=0. 104, 0.397,?0.841, 0.445, 0.273, 0.881, 0.367, 0.903, 0.629; p > 0.05). Spearson?correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between CRAmax of?healthy eyes group and the time frm upset to visit(r =-0. 471, p=0.006; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The ocular blood flow of contralateral healthy eyes in CRAO patients is affected by CRAO, and subclinical symptoms may exist before the onset of CRAO.
As a common ocular surface disease in ophthalmology clinics, dry eye has been perplexing the medical community because of its complex pathogenesis. Therefore, early detection and early treatment are particularly important. In the course of clinical treatment, the author found that if the dry eye is untreated and becomes refractory dry eye, it will appear ciliary weakness and difficult to open eyes; Major's syndrome (MG), no similar report has been found after consulting the literature. Now we will introduce these two rare diseases, hoping to attract the attention of clinicians, so as to avoid more serious complications.
Corneal stroma wound healing is a complex process of extracellular matrix (extracellularmatrix,ECM) reconstruction, and the degree of healing is related to corneal transparency. Among them, transforminggrowthfactor--β (TGF- β) signal transduction is the central regulator of matrix healing and fibrosis. Other regulatory factors include myofibroblasts, basement membrane, collagen fibers, small molecular proteoglycans rich in leucine, biophysical signals, proteins from ECM and membrane channels. In this paper, the main regulatory factors and the role of cell phenotype that determine the outcome of matrix healing were reviewed, and a new therapy for reducing matrix opacity was discussed.
The purpose of the eight-year medical education is to train students for well-qualified medical talents that are in line with our national conditions. This article introduces the establishment and development of the eight-year medical education in China, and various aspects of exploration in its reform which includes the reform of the tutoring system, teaching philosophy, teaching approach, means of teaching, special courses and so on. It also summarizes the current situation of the eight-year medical education and discusses potential strategies to improve the education system and the quality of eight-year medical students.
