目的：观察学龄儿童的近视进展情况，分析近视进展的危险因素。方法：于2014年纳入温州2所小学二、三年级近视儿童，每年随访1次，直至小学毕业。检查内容包括非睫状肌麻痹主觉验光、双眼视功能检查(隐斜、调节性集合/调节、正负相对调节、正负融像性聚散)和问卷调查。采用无序多分类logistic回归分析近视进展速度的危险因素。结果：共纳入152名近视儿童[年龄7~9岁，95名(62.5%)男性]，初始屈光度为?1.30±0.95屈光度(diopter，D)，年近视进展量为?0.68±0.35 D。回归分析表明：与慢速组相比(年近视进展量>?0.50 D)，中速组(?1.00 D<年近视进展量≤?0.50 D)与快速组(年近视进展量≤?1.00 D)中初始屈光度≤?1.00 D的儿童占比更大(中速组：OR=3.51，P=0.003；快速组：OR=3.29，P=0.044)，快速组中女性占比更大(OR=4.52，P=0.012)，基线双眼视功能参数在不同组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论：学龄儿童近视进展速度与性别、初始屈光度相关，与基线双眼视功能无关。女孩、初始近视程度大(7~9岁时，屈光度≤?1.00 D)的儿童近视进展快。

摘要英文

目的：分析湖南地区汉族人群中2型糖尿病患者的人口学特征及生化指标，寻找糖尿病视网膜病变的高危因素。方法：釆用病例对照研究，统计湖南地区正常人群、2型糖尿病但无视网膜病变患者、2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者的人口学特征及生化指标的相关数据，进行成组t检验及logistic回归分析，探讨分析糖尿病视网膜病发生的易感因素。所有研究对象均为汉族。结果：对照组[非糖尿病(non-diabetes mellitus，NDM)组]和2型糖尿病未合并视网膜病变[(non-diabetic retinopathy，NDR)]组之间性别分布、年龄分布、BMI、舒张压、HbA1c、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein，HDL)、尿酸及总胆红素差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。NDM组中腹围、收缩压、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、肌酐和低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein，LDL)值均低于NDR组，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。NDM组中BMI、腹围、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、HbA1c、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、肌酐和LDL值均低于2型糖尿病合并视网膜病变组(diabetic retinopathy，DR)组，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。NDR组收缩压、舒张压、HbA1c、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和肌酐值均低于DR组，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论：收缩压超过150 mmHg，舒张压超过90mmHg，糖化血红蛋白超过9%，血清肌酐超过100 μmol/L，三酰甘油超过3 mmol/L均为糖尿病患者发生视网膜病变的高危易感因素。

Objective: To analyze the demographic characteristics and biochemical indexes of type 2 diabetic patients in Han population in Hunan, and to find the high-risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: The data of demographic characteristics and biochemical indexes of normal population, type 2 diabetic patients but without retinopathy and type 2 diabetic retinopathy in Hunan were analyzed. Group t test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the susceptibility factors of diabetic retinopathy. All the subjects were Han population. Results: There were no significant differences in gender distribution, age distribution, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c,total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, uric acid and total bilirubin between the control group [non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) group] and the type 2 diabetic without retinopathy group [non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR)group] (all P>0.05). The abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride,creatinine and low-density lipoprotein in NDM group were all lower than those in NDR group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). BMI, abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine and LDL in NDM group were all lower than those in type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The comparison between the NDR group and the DR group showed that the values of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine in the NDR group were all lower than those in the DR group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: SBP ≥150 mmHg,DBP ≥90 mmHg, HbA1c ≥9%, serum creatinine ≥100 μmol/L, triglyceride ≥3 mmol/L are the high-risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.

目的：观察学龄儿童的近视进展情况，分析近视进展的危险因素。方法：于2014年纳入温州2所小学二、三年级近视儿童，每年随访1次，直至小学毕业。检查内容包括非睫状肌麻痹主觉验光、双眼视功能检查(隐斜、调节性集合/调节、正负相对调节、正负融像性聚散)和问卷调查。采用无序多分类logistic回归分析近视进展速度的危险因素。结果：共纳入152名近视儿童[年龄7~9岁，95名(62.5%)男性]，初始屈光度为-1.30±0.95屈光度(diopter，D)，年近视进展量为-0.68±0.35 D。回归分析表明：与慢速组相比(年近视进展量>-0.50 D)，中速组(-1.00 D<年近视进展量≤-0.50 D)与快速组(年近视进展量≤-1.00 D)中初始屈光度≤-1.00 D的儿童占比更大(中速组：OR=3.51，P=0.003；快速组：OR=3.29，P=0.044)，快速组中女性占比更大(OR=4.52，P=0.012)，基线双眼视功能参数在不同组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论：学龄儿童近视进展速度与性别、初始屈光度相关，与基线双眼视功能无关。女孩、初始近视程度大(7~9岁时，屈光度≤-1.00 D)的儿童近视进展快。

Objective: To investigate myopia progression and analyze the risk factors associated with myopia progression in a cohort of primary schoolchildren. Methods: The study was conducted in two primary schools in Wenzhou. Schoolchildren from grades 2 and 3 were examined in 2014 and were followed up annually until primary school graduation at grade 6. Children who were myopic at baseline were included in this study. The examination included non-cycloplegic subjective refraction, questionnaire survey, and binocular visual function parameters such as phoria, accommodative convergence/accommodation, positive relative accommodation, negative relative accommodation, and fusional convergence range. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with various myopia progression speeds. Results: A total of 152 myopic schoolchildren [baseline age range 7–9 years; 95 male (62.5%)] were included in this study. The average refractive error (spherical equivalent refraction, SER) at baseline was -1.30±0.95 D, and the average annual myopia progression was -0.68±0.35 D. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that compared to the slow myopia progression group (annual myopia progression >-0.50 D), the moderate myopia progression group (-1.00 D < annual myopia progression ≤-0.50 D) and the fast myopia progression group (annual myopia progression ≤-1.00 D) were associated with having SER values ≤-1.00 D at baseline (moderate: OR=3.51, P=0.003; fast: OR=3.29, P=0.044); the fast myopia progression group was also associated with female sex (OR=4.52, P=0.012); baseline binocular visual function parameters were not related to various myopia progression speeds (P>0.05 for all). Conclusion: Sex and baseline refractive error were associated with various myopia progression among primary schoolchildren. No correlation between baseline binocular visual functions and myopia progression was found in this study. Myopia progressed faster in girls and children who had greater myopia (SER values ≤?1.00 D at age 7–9 years) at baseline.

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori，H P)感染是中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy，CSC)的一个危险因素，但是在HP感染和CSC相关性的研究仍存在争议，目前有两种观点：一是认为HP感染可能是CSC的一个危险因素，二是认为两者之间并没有相关性。本文将就对HP感染是否为CSC危险因素文献进行综述，同时探讨其发病机制。

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). But the existing studies tend to support two distinctively different trends regarding the link between HP infection and CSC. The first group tend to support that: HP infection may be a risk of CSC, and the second tend to claim to no correlation between the two. This paper will review the literature on whether HP infection is a risk factor for CSC and discuss its pathogenesis.

目的：探究角膜塑形镜(OK镜)配戴者使用中的镜盒的葡萄球菌及假单胞菌污染状况以及其可能存在的危险因素。方法：于四川大学华西医院隐形眼镜门诊收集镜盒使用1个月及以上的O K镜复查患者，使用问卷调查其基本信息与日常配戴情况，并收集其镜盒。收集的镜盒于无菌操作台内取样后转移入葡萄球菌选择培养基与假单胞菌选择培养基，置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养48 h后观察微生物生长情况。结果：本研究共收集受试者52例，其中男15例，女37例，年龄(11.8±2.5)岁。在收集的镜盒中，葡萄球菌的检出率为42%(22例)，其中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为21%(11例)；假单胞菌的检出率为12%(6例)，未发现铜绿假单胞菌，总体微生物检出率为44%(23例)。存放于客厅或书房的镜盒微生物检出率为25%(5/20)，日常存放于卧室或卫生间的镜盒(58%，18/31)。日常护理由家长完成的镜盒微生物检出率为31%(10/32)，由戴镜儿童本人完成的镜盒微生物检出率为65%(13/20)。随着镜盒使用时间的增加，镜盒内微生物的检出率的增加差异无统计学意义。结论：OK镜戴镜者日常使用的镜盒中，葡萄球菌的污染率较高，其中相当一部分是金黄色葡萄球菌。日常护理操作人员、镜盒存放位置是镜盒污染的危险因素。镜盒使用的时间可能是镜盒微生物污染的危险因素，但是需要进一步的实验验证。

Objective: To investigate microbial contamination in Ortho-K wearer’s lens cases caused by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas and to solicit its risk factors. Methods: Lens cases used for at least 1 month were collected from Ortho-K wearers coming back for after-care in West China Hospital and an interview using preset questionnaire about their demographic information and lens wearing was performed. Lens cases were sampled in clean bench and the samples were then transferred onto Staphylococcus selective agar plate and Pseudomonas selective agar plate, which were incubated at 37 ℃ for 48 h before observed. Results: A total of 52 subjects were recruited, including 15 male and 37 female, with an average age of (11.8±2.5) years. Contamination rate of Staphylococcus was 42% (n=22), in which 21% (n=11) were detected with Staphylococcus Aureus (SA). With no Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA) was detected, the general rate of microbial contamination was 44% (n=23). Contamination rate of cases stored in living room was 25% (5/20), significantly lower than cases stored in bedroom (58%, 18/31). And cases that daily cleaning operated by parents (31%) (10/32) were less contaminated than that operated by children themselves (65%) (13/20). The increase of detection rate of microorganism in lens cases didn’t reach a significant statistical difference with longer use. Conclusion: The contamination rate of Staphylococcus, in which a considerable part was contributed by SA, is high in Ortho-K lens cases. Personnel of daily cleaning and location of case storage are the risk factors of lens case contamination. Length of case use could be a potential risk of microbial contamination but remains to be proved by further research.