Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) was characterized by the abnormal deposition of the fber-like material intraocularly, and manifested as white or gray, powdery exfoliation material (XFM) on the pupillary border and (or) anterior lens capsule under slit lamp microscopy. XFM could obstruct the trabecular meshwork and cause exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). In addition, XFM that entered aqueous humor circulation could enter bloodstream and result in vascular damage. XFM could enter ocular fundus microvascular and capillary vessels, causing abnormalities of fundus structures and vessels. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which were based on optical coherence tomography technology, had the advantages of real-time, non-intrusive and high resolution, et al. OCT and OCTA were widely used in detection of fundus structural and vascular abnormalities. Tis study was to review the fundus lesion of XFS on OCT and OCTA.

Aims: To analyze the characteristics and trends of non-tumor-related eye removal in Southern China from 2009 to 2018. Methods: Inpatient data from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center were examined to identify trends and characteristics of non-tumorous enucleation/evisceration. The Chi-square test assessed differences in age, gender, and etiology, while linear regression analyzed the significance of trends from 2009 to 2018 across subgroups. The nonquadratic Mann-Kendall test evaluated the trends in etiology and types of ocular injuries. Results: A total of 1824 patients (mean age 28 years, SD 19.2) underwent non-tumor-related eye removal during the study period. The majority were male (73.1%), with ocular trauma (72.3%) and corneal perforation (7.7%) being the leading causes. Work-related injuries accounted for 30.5% of ocular trauma, showing a moderate increase over the decade. However, no statistically significant trends were observed in the etiology or specific causes of ocular trauma. Conclusions: The rates of non-tumorous eye removal remained stable from 2009 to 2018. Ocular trauma was the predominant non-tumorous cause of enucleation or evisceration in Southern China. Translational Relevance: The findings highlight the need for preventive measures against work-related injuries leading to enucleation and the importance of rigorous childcare to mitigate the risk of eye removal due to trauma.

Abstract: Training qualified ophthalmic professional is crucial for any eye care system worldwide. Education of modern western Ophthalmology in China started late but develops rapidly. This review focused on ophthalmic education in China and US, describing details of the programs and analyzing the differences. This summary may provide useful information for practitioners of medical education from both countries and help improve the present training designs.