目的:分析不同程度2型糖尿病视网膜病变的血清生化全套指标,探讨各生化指标与糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)程度的相关性。方法:回顾性收集2018年5月至2020年10月在福建医科大学附属第二医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者。根据眼底情况分为3组:糖尿病不伴视网膜病变(non-diabetic retinopathy,NDR)组(17例)、糖尿病伴非增殖性视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)组(29例)、糖尿病伴增殖期视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)组(34例)。采用SPSS 24.0分析比较3组血清生化全套各指标水平,对差异指标与DR相关性采用Pearson相关分析与多重线性回归分析。结果:3组年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组的总蛋白、白蛋白、白球比、钙浓度差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。组间比较发现NPDR和PDR组总蛋白、白蛋白、白球比、钙浓度低于NDR组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示总蛋白(r=?0.290)、白蛋白(r=?0.304),钙浓度(r=?0.252)与DR呈负相关(均P<0.05),多重线性回归提示总蛋白、白蛋白及血钙浓度是DR保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:血清指标总蛋白、白蛋白及血钙浓度与DR成负相关,在生理范围内将这些指标维持相对较高的水平,或许可以为糖尿病视网膜病变的防治提供新思路。
Objective: To analyze the serum biochemical indexes of different degrees of type 2 diabetic retinopathy, and the correlation between biochemical indexes and the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliate Hospital from May 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to fundus conditions: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (n=17), diabetes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (n=29),diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (n=34). SPSS 24.0 was used to compare the levels of a complete set of serum biochemical indexes in the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the correlation between the different indexes and DR. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age between the three groups. The differences in total protein, albumin, white sphere ratio, and calcium concentration of the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The comparison between the groups showed that the total protein, albumin, white sphere ratio, and calcium concentration in the NPDR and PDR groups were lower than those in the NDR group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that total protein (r=?0.290), albumin (r=?0.304), andcalcium concentration (r=?0.252) were negatively correlated with DR (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression indicated total protein, albumin and blood calcium concentration were the protective factors of DR (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study found that serum levels of total protein, albumin, and blood calcium levels are negatively correlated with DR. Maintaining a relatively high level of these indexes within the physiological range may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
目的:探讨以Base-out恢复点为目标手术量的急性共同性内斜视(acute acquired comitant esotropia,AACE)的治疗效果。方法:随诊以Base-out恢复点为目标手术量、且术后随访时间超过4个月的AACE患者,分析术前及末次随诊时斜视度、双眼视功能参数及术后立体视恢复的影响因素。结果:将43例患者纳入研究,其中男27例(63%),女16例(37%),手术年龄9~53(23.7±11.4)岁,术前斜视持续时间3个月~11年(24.8±24.5个月),术后随访4~62(15.8±14.5)个月。术前Base-out恢复点比斜视度更大[远距差值(9.3±6.9) PD,P<0.001;近距差值(11.4±6.7) PD,P<0.001];术前视远和视近斜视度分别为(38.4±13.2) PD和(37.6±13.7) PD,末次随诊时视远和视近斜视度分别为(0.74±2.4) PD和(0.70±2.4) PD(均P<0.001),38例(88%)患者无眼位偏斜,5例(12%)有轻微内隐斜视。末次随诊时视远和视近立体视锐度显著改善(P<0.001),末次立体视功能与术前近距立体视水平和术前斜视持续时间相关。结论:以Base-out恢复点为目标手术量的AACE手术能取得较好的矫正效果,未见眼位过矫者;术后立体视恢复与术前近距立体视和术前斜视持续时间相关,提示适当早期手术可能有助于术后立体视功能的恢复。
Objective: To evaluate the effect of using the amount of base-out (BO) recovery point as the surgical target for acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). Methods: Patients with AACE underwent surgery based on the target angle of the base-out recovery point and were followed up at least 4 months. The deviation, binocular functions before and after the surgery were analyzed and the factors related the post-operative stereopsis were evaluated. Results: Totally 43 patients were included in the study, including 27 males (63%) and 16 females (37%), aged from 9 to 53 years (23.7±11.4 years), duration of preoperative strabismus ranged from 3 months to 11 years (24.8±24.5 months), and postoperative follow-up ranged from 4 to 62 (15.8±14.5 months). Both distant and near pre-operative Base-out recovery point were larger than the angle of esotropia [(9.3±6.9) PD for distant; (11.4±6.7) PD for near, both P<0.001]. The pre-operative esotropia for distant and near viewing were (38.4±13.2) PD and (37.6±13.7) PD respectively and reduced to (0.74±2.4) PD and (0.70±2.4) PD at the last visit time (P<0.001). Thirty-eight cases were orthosia without any phoria and five cases still had some esophoria or minimal esotropia at the last visit. The stereoacuity improved significantly after the surgery. The post-operative stereopsis significantly correlated with the pre-operative stereopsis and the duration from onset of esotropia to the time of surgery. Conclusion: The acute acquired comitant esotropia can be corrected with strabismus surgery based on the target angle of base-out recovery point. The post-operative stereopsis correlated with the pre-operative stereo function and the time of esotropia lasting. It suggested the earlier esotropia was corrected the better the stereopsis recovered.
目的:探索基于眼底彩照和人工智能构建冠心病智能诊断系统的可行性。方法:于2013—2014年收集广东省人民医院530例患者共2117张眼底彩照,其中冠心病217例共909张眼底彩照。根据患者有无冠心病的情况进行标记,使用Inception-V3深度卷积神经网络训练人工智能模型,随后使用验证数据判断模型的准确率。计算深度卷积网络模型的准确性、一致率、敏感性、特异性和受试者工作特性曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。结果:在2117张眼底彩照中,1903张用于模型训练,214张用于模型的性能评估。在测试集中,该算法的准确性为98.1%,一致率为98.6%,敏感性为100.0%,特异性为96.7%,AUC为0.988(95%CI:0.974~1.000)。结论:眼底彩照联合人工智能技术可精准判定冠心病,该模型具备较高的敏感性和特异性,但须进一步增加样本量,使用大样本量数据验证该模型,排除过拟合的可能性。
Objective: To explore the feasibility of developing a deep learning algorithm for detecting coronary heart diseases based on fundus color photography and artificial intelligence (AI). Methods: A total of 2 117 fundus color photographs were taken from 530 patients in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from 2013 to 2014,including 909 fundus color photographs from 217 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). According to whether the patient had coronary heart disease or not, the Inception-V3 depth convolution neural network was used to train the deep learning model, and then the validation data were used to judge the accuracy of the model. The accuracy, consistency rate, sensitivity and specificity of the deep convolution network model and the area under the working characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: Among the 2 117 fundus color photographs, 1 903 were used for model training, and 214 were used to test the accuracy of the model. In the test dataset, the accuracy of the algorithm was 98.1%, the consistency rate was 98.6%, the sensitivity was 100.0%, and the specificity was 96.7%. The AUC was 0.988 (95% CI, 0.974–1.000). Conclusion: The combination of fundus color photography and artificial intelligence can achieve the accurate diagnosis of the coronary heart disease, and the model has high sensitivity and specificity. However, future studies are warranted to validate our model and exclude the possibility of over-fitting.
世界卫生组织及我国“健康中国”战略都将视觉健康管理提升到前所未有的高度,多方位、全周期保障民众视觉健康,增强人们视觉保健的意识是我国实现健康中国的战略重点。而人才培养是行业发展的命脉与基石,因此眼视光人才教育的探索与建设又是重中之重。本文以天津医科大学眼视光专业为例,就当今社会视觉健康管理的背景下,如何切实有效地开展眼视光教育、培养与时俱进的眼视光专业人才进行探讨。
The World Health Organization and Chinese “Healthy China” strategy have elevated visual health management to an unprecedented height. Ensuring people’s visual health multi-directionally in whole period and enhancing people's awareness on visual health care are the strategic focus for us to achieve a healthy China. Talent training is the lifeblood and cornerstone for industrial development, so exploration and construction in optometry talent education is a priority. Taking the optometry department of Tianjin Medical University as an example, this paper discusses how to effectively carry out optometry education and train optometry professionals who keep up with the times under the background of visual health management in today’s society.
随着白内障手术由复明性向屈光性转变,对角膜的散光矫正显得越来越重要。而角膜散光不仅仅应该关注角膜前表面的散光数据,更应该考虑角膜后表面的散光,否则对散光人工晶状体植入矫正角膜散光可能出现不同程度的术后屈光误差。角膜后表面散光均值约为0.37 D,且多数情况下会产生逆规散光的效果,因此在进行散光型人工晶状体计算时应考虑到这一特点,进一步防止术后欠矫或过矫的发生。
With the cataract surgery evolving from visual restoration surgery to refractive surgery, surgical correction of corneal astigmatism becomes more and more important. For Toric intraocular lens implantation, the surgeon should not only pay attention to the values in surface of anterior corneal astigmatism but also that in posterior corneal astigmatism. Otherwise,unwanted postoperative refractive errors may occur. The mean value of posterior corneal astigmatism was around 0.37 D.In most cases, the posterior corneal astigmatism produces against-the-rule effect. Therefore, the above-mentioned feature of posterior corneal astigmatism should be noticed to prevent the under-correction or over-correction effect of toric lens.
目前对于成人圆锥角膜(keratoconus,KC)的研究已经很广泛,而对于儿童KC的研究则较少,其诊断和治疗常常基于成人KC的研究基础。与成人KC相比,儿童KC的发展更迅速、造成的后果更严重,其导致的儿童视觉障碍会追随其一生,对其生活质量以及教育发展产生严重的负面影响。为了对儿童KC的治疗有较全面的认识和理解,本文针对近几年儿童KC的治疗进展,对不同治疗方法的安全性、有效性和治疗时机等方面进行综述。
At present, the research on adult keratoconus has been extensive, while the research on pediatric keratoconus is few. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric keratoconus are often based on the study of keratoconus in adults. Pediatric keratoconus is more aggressive than adult keratoconus, resulting in visual impairment that can follow throughout their lives and have a serious negative impact on their quality of life and educational development. In this paper, according to the treatment progress of pediatric keratoconus in recent years, the safety, effectiveness, and treatment timing of different treatment methods were summarized, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment of pediatric keratoconus.
青光眼是世界范围内致盲和引起视力损害的主要眼病,也是不可逆性致盲性眼病之一。眼压是青光眼发生发展的重要危险因素,但除眼压外,血压在青光眼进展引起的影响也不可忽视。眼灌注压是血压和眼压的差值,可调节视神经的血液供应。眼压、血压、灌注压在青光眼发生发展中有一定相关性。本文通过对眼压和血压在青光眼中的影响以及24 h眼压和血压监测在青光眼中的应用进行文献索引,分析青光眼24h眼压和血压同步监测的意义。
Glaucoma is a major eye disease causing blindness and visual damage worldwide, and it is also one of the irreversible eye diseases causing blindness. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for the development of glaucoma, and the influence of blood pressure (BP) on the progression of glaucoma also cannot be ignored. Eye perfusion pressure is the difference between blood pressure and intraocular pressure, regulating the blood supply to the optic nerves. IOP, BP and perfusion pressure are related to the occurrence and the progression of glaucoma. Literature review was performed related to the effects of IOP and BP on glaucoma, and the application of 24-hour IOP and BP monitoring in glaucoma, aiming to analyze the significance of simultaneous monitoring of IOP and BP for 24 hours.
近年来,脂质代谢紊乱与眼科疾病关系密切。体外研究和临床前模型显示,高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)及其主要蛋白成分载脂蛋白A1(apolipoprotein A1,apoA1)对内皮细胞具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡作用,对血管具有强大的保护作用。ApoA1模拟肽能够模拟apoA1功能,且分子质量更小,前景非常乐观。而动物实验及人体试验均证实了模拟肽D-4F口服使用的安全性及有效性,因此目前研究最为广泛。目前来说,对于apoA1及其模拟肽在眼科疾病的研究中属于萌芽阶段。本文总结了apoA1及其模拟肽的结构,及其在眼科疾病如视光学、角膜病、玻璃体视网膜疾病中的研究进展,为apoA1及其模拟肽在眼科的进一步研究及开发利用提供参考。
The recent researches indicate that the disorder of lipid metabolism is closely related to ophthalmic diseases.In vitro studies and preclinical studies have shown that high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main structural protein apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) have superior efficacy in blood vessel protection, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects on endothelial cells. Prospect of the ApoA1 mimetic peptide is very optimistic as it can mimic the function of apoA1, and its molecular weight is smaller. The safety and efficacy of oral use of mimetic peptide D-4F have been confirmed in both animal experiments and clinic trials. Thus, it had been extensively studied. In this paper, we reviewed the structure of apoA1 and its mimetic peptide, as well as their researches related to ophthalmic diseases, such as optometry, corneal diseases and vitreoretinal diseases, so as to provide reference to further researches in apoA1 and its mimetic peptide in the of ophthalmic diseases.
目的:了解行全飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(small incision lenticule extraction,SMILE)患者围手术期的体验感受。方法:采用定性调查的方法,选取广东省某医院的15名行SMILE的患者,进行半结构式访谈,将患者围手术期体验归纳为顾虑、紧张、疼痛、担心、放松5个主题概念,用现象学分析法整理、分析资料。结果:把5种体验汇总制成韦恩图,通过韦恩图提炼发现有1人有围手术期5种感受,3位有紧张、疼痛、担心、放松4种心理感受,2位只有紧张的感受,而无其余感受。结论:行SMILE患者的围手术期具有多种体验感受,分析不同感受状态和因素,为眼科医护人员对于寻求SMILE手术的患者做好围手术期的服务提供依据。
Objective: To investigate the perioperative experience after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted in 15 patients who underwent SMILE surgery in Zhuhai People’s Hospital.The data were collected and analyzed by phenomenological analysis. Results: The perioperative feelings of patients were summarized into five categories: concern, tension, pain, worry and relaxation. These feelings were compiled and extracted by Venn diagram. One patient had all five categories of feelings during the perioperative period. Three patients experienced four psychological feelings of tension, pain, worry and relaxation, and 2 patients had only nervous feelings during the full femtosecond operation period. Conclusion: Patients undergoing SMILE have avariety of experience feelings during perioperative period. Analysis of different feeling states and factors will provide evidence for ophthalmic medical staff to provide perioperative services for patients seeking SMILE surgery.