Purpose: To identify plasma proteins that are causally related to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) for potential therapeutic targeting. Methods: A two-sample MR analysis, supplemented by bidirectional MR, Bayesian co-localization analysis, and phenotype scanning, was conducted to examine the causal relationships between plasma proteins and POAG. The analysis was validated by identifying associations between plasma proteins and POAG-related traits, followed by a systematic evaluation of protein druggability. Results: Eighteen proteins were identified with significant associations with POAG risk after multiple comparison adjustments. The ORs per standard deviation increase in protein levels ranged from 0.39 (95% CI: 0.24–0.62; P = 7.70 × 10-5) for Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1) to 1.29 (95% CI: 1.16–1.44; P = 6.72 × 10-6) for Nidogen-1 (NID1). Five proteins (SEL1L, ROBO1, AXL, NID1, GFER) demonstrated strong genetic linkage to POAG. Further, validation analyses identified nine proteins causally related to POAG traits, with five (IL18R1, IL1R1, PLCG1, RNASE1, SPINK6) revealing consistent directional associations. In addition, 18 causal proteins were highlighted for their druggability, 5 of which are either approved drugs or under clinical trial. Conclusions: This study identifies 18 plasma proteins as potential therapeutic targets for POAG, particularly emphasizing the role of genomic and proteomic integration in drug discovery.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of refusal of vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods: A total of 517 patients with PDR who underwent vitrectomy in Xingtai City from January 2021 to August 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to whether they underwent surgical treatment.The personal and disease characteristics of the patients were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of non-vitrectomy.Results: 126 patients (24%) did not undergo vitrectomy. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients received retinal photocoagulation, combined with other serious systemic diseases, and preoperative visual acuity improvement between the two groups (P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that no previous retinal photocoagulation treatment(OR=0.414,95% CI0.236-0.724, p=0.002), combined with other serious systemic diseases(OR=11.812,95% CI6.446-21.646, p<0.001), and preoperative visual acuity improvement(OR=21.317,95% CI11.756-38.653, p<0.001) were the influencing factors for patients who did not undergo vitrectomy.Conclusions:Previously not receiving retinal photocoagulation treatment, combined with other serious systemic diseases, and preoperative visual acuity improvement are the influencing factors for patients not undergoing vitrectomy. Early knowledge popularization should be strengthened, targeted communication with patients should be carried out, and patients' confidence in surgery should be established.

Aims:To identify plasma proteins with causal links to diabetic retinopathy (DR) for potential therapeutic targets.

Materials and methods:Summary statistics of plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were derived from two extensive GWAS datasets and onesystematicreview, with over 100 thousand participants covering thousands of plasma proteins. DR data were sourced from the largest FinnGen study, comprising 10,413 DR cases and 308,633 European controls. Two-sample MR approach was utilized to investigate the causality of plasma proteins with DR, followed by bidirectional MR, Bayesian Co-localization analysis, and phenotype scanning to ensure the robustness of the MR results. Druggabilityand enrichment analysisof the identified proteins were systematically evaluated. 

Results:Genetically predicted levels of 24 proteins were significantly associated with DR risk after multiple testing corrections. For each standard deviation increase in plasm protein levels, the odds ratio (OR) for DR varied from 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36-0.73; P=2.22×10^-5) for Tubulin Polymerization-Promoting Protein Family Member 3 (TPPP3) to 2.02 (95% CI: 1.44-2.83; P=5.01×10^-5) for Olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3). Four proteins exhibited strong co-localization evidence (PH4 ≥0.8): WARS, ACRBP, and ICAM1 were negatively associated with DR risk, while NOTCH2 showed a positive association. Drugability assessments highlighted these 24 proteins as potential DR targets, with two of them currently in phase I clinical trials.

Conclusions:Twenty-four promising drug targets for DR were identified, including four plasma proteins with particular promise. These findings offer new insights into DR's etiology and therapeutic targeting, exemplifying the value of genomic and proteomic data in drug target discovery.

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1. Scope of application (a) When you register for this website account, you provide personal registration information according to the requirements of the website; (b) The information on your browser and computer that this website automatically receives and records when you use the web services of this website or visit the Web pages of this platform, including but not limited to your IP address, the type of browser, the language used, the date and time of access, software and hardware characteristics information and the web records you require; (c) Personal data of users obtained by this website from business partners through lawful means. (d) Users of this website are strictly prohibited from Posting objectionable information, such as nudity, pornography and profane content. We will review the content posted and disable all permissions of the user once found to be objectionable. 2. Use of information (a) This website will not provide, sell, rent, share or trade your personal login information to any unrelated third party. If we store repairs or upgrades, we will send a push message to notify you in advance, please allow this page message notification in advance. (b) This website also does not allow any third party to collect, edit, sell or distribute your personal information by any means. If any user of this website engages in the above activities, once found, this website has the right to immediately terminate the service agreement with the user. (c) For the purpose of serving users, this website may provide you with information of interest to you through the use of your personal information, including but not limited to sending you information about products and services, or sharing information with partners of this website so that they can send you information about their products and services (the latter requires your prior consent) 3. Information disclosure Under the following circumstances, this website will disclose your personal information in whole or in part according to your personal wishes or the provisions of the law: (a) We will not disclose to third parties without your prior consent; (b) Share your personal information with third parties in order to provide the products and services you have requested; (c) disclose to third parties or administrative or judicial bodies in accordance with the relevant provisions of the law or at the request of administrative or judicial bodies; (d) If you have violated the relevant laws and regulations of China or this web service agreement or relevant rules, need to disclose to a third party; (e) If you are a qualified IP complainant and have filed a complaint, disclose it to the respondent at the request of the Respondent so that the parties can deal with possible disputes over rights; 4. Information storage and exchangeThe information and data collected about you on this website will be saved on the server of this website and (or) its affiliated companies, and such information and data may be sent to your country, region or overseas where the information and data collected on this website are located and will be accessed, stored and displayed overseas. 5. Use of cookies (a) If you do not refuse to accept cookies, the website will set up or access cookies on your computer so that you can log in to or use the website platform services or features that rely on cookies. The use of cookies on this website can provide you with more thoughtful personalized services, including promotional services. (b) You have the right to choose to accept or reject cookies. You can refuse to accept cookies by modifying your browser Settings. However, if you choose not to accept cookies, you may not be able to log in to or use the Web services or features that rely on cookies. (c) This Policy applies to information obtained through cookies on this website. 6. Changes to this Privacy Policy

Aims: To identify plasma proteins with causal links to diabetic retinopathy (DR) for potential therapeutic targets. Materials and methods: Summary statistics of plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were derived from two extensive GWAS datasets and one systematic review, with over 100 thousand participants covering thousands of plasma proteins. DR data were sourced from the largest FinnGen study, comprising 10,413 DR cases and 30,863 European controls. Two-sample MR approach was utilized to investigate the causality of plasma proteins with DR, followed by bidirectional MR, Bayesian Co-localization analysis, and phenotype scanning to ensure robustness of the MR results. Druggability of the identified proteins were systematically evaluated. Results: Genetically predicted levels of 24 proteins were significantly associated with DR risk after multiple testing correction. For each standard deviation increase in plasm protein levels, the odds ratio (OR) for DR varied from 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36-0.73; P=2.22×10-5) for Tubulin Polymerization-Promoting Protein Family Member 3 (TPPP3) to 2.02 (95% CI: 1.44-2.83; P=5.01×10-5) for Olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3). Four proteins exhibited strong co-localization evidence (PH4 ≥0.8): WARS, ACRBP, and ICAM1 were negatively associated with DR risk, while NOTCH2 showed a positive association. Drugability assessments highlighted these 24 proteins as potential DR targets, with two of them currently in phase I clinical trials. Conclusions: Twenty-four promising drug targets for DR were identified, including four plasma proteins with particularly promise. These findings offer new insights into DR's etiology and therapeutic targeting, exemplifying the value of genomic and proteomic data in drug target discovery.

Aims: To identify plasma proteins with causal links to diabetic retinopathy (DR) for potential therapeutic targets. Materials and methods: Summary statistics of plasma protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) were derived from two extensive GWAS datasets and one systematic review, with over 100 thousand participants covering thousands of plasma proteins. DR data were sourced from the largest FinnGen study, comprising 10,413 DR cases and 30,863 European controls. Two-sample MR approach was utilized to investigate the causality of plasma proteins with DR, followed by bidirectional MR, Bayesian Co-localization analysis, and phenotype scanning to ensure robustness of the MR results. Druggability of the identified proteins were systematically evaluated. Results: Genetically predicted levels of 24 proteins were significantly associated with DR risk after multiple testing correction. For each standard deviation increase in plasm protein levels, the odds ratio (OR) for DR varied from 0.51 (95% CI: 0.36-0.73; P=2.22×10-5) for Tubulin Polymerization-Promoting Protein Family Member 3 (TPPP3) to 2.02 (95% CI: 1.44-2.83; P=5.01×10-5) for Olfactomedin like 3 (OLFML3). Four proteins exhibited strong co-localization evidence (PH4 ≥0.8): WARS, ACRBP, and ICAM1 were negatively associated with DR risk, while NOTCH2 showed a positive association. Drugability assessments highlighted these 24 proteins as potential DR targets, with two of them currently in phase I clinical trials. Conclusions: Twenty-four promising drug targets for DR were identified, including four plasma proteins with particularly promise. These findings offer new insights into DR's etiology and therapeutic targeting, exemplifying the value of genomic and proteomic data in drug target discovery.

Backgrounds: To assess changes in anterior segment biometry during accommodation using a swept source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: One hundred-forty participants were consecutively recruited in the current study. Each participant underwent SS-OCT scanning at 0 and -3 diopter (D) accommodative stress after refractive compensation, and ocular parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior lens curvature, lens thickness (LT) and lens diameter were recorded. Anterior segment length (ASL) was defined as ACD plus LT. Lens central point (LCP) was defined as ACD plus half of the LT. The accommodative response was calculated as changes in total optical power during accommodation.

Results: Compared to non-accommodative status, ACD (2.952±0.402 vs. 2.904±0.382 mm, P<0.001), anterior (10.771±1.801 vs. 10.086±1.571 mm, P<0.001) and posterior lens curvature (5.894±0.435 vs. 5.767±0.420 mm, P<0.001), lens diameter (9.829±0.338 vs. 9.695±0.358 mm, P<0.001) and LCP (4.925±0.274 vs. 4.900±0.259 mm, P=0.010) tended to decreased and LT thickened (9.829±0.338 vs. 9.695±0.358 mm, P<0.001), while ASL (6.903±0.279 vs. 6.898±0.268 mm, P=0.568) did not change significantly during accommodation. Younger age (β=0.029, 95% CI: 0.020 to 0.038, P<0.001) and larger anterior lens curvature (β= -0.071, 95% CI: -0.138 to -0.003, P=0.040) were associated with accommodation induced greater steeping amplitude of anterior lens curvature. The optical eye power at 0 and -3 D accommodative stress was 62.486±2.284 and 63.274±2.290 D, respectively (P<0.001). Age was an independent factor of accommodative response (β= -0.027, 95% CI: -0.038 to -0.016, P<0.001).

Conclusions: During -3 D accommodative stress, the anterior and posterior lens curvature steepened, followed by thickened LT, fronted LCP and shallowed ACD. The accommodative response of -3 D stimulus is age-dependent.

Background: Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and corneal high-order aberrations (HOAs) are the two main causes of poor visual quality after cataract surgery. Changes in the parameters of corneal HOAs after cataract surgery and their effects on and relationships with changes in corneal curvature have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore changes in anterior, posterior and total corneal curvature, astigmatism and HOAs after microincision cataract surgery.

Methods: Sixty-one age-related cataract patients (61 eyes) were included in this prospective study. The total, anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism and corneal HOAs were analyzed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and iTrace before, one day, one week and three months after 2.2 mm temporal microincision coaxial phacoemulsification to evaluate the changes in anterior, posterior and total corneal curvature, astigmatism and corneal HOAs.

Results: The mean J0 and J45 values of anterior, posterior and total corneal curvature obtained by AS-OCT showed no statistically significant difference between preoperatively and any postoperative follow-up. SIA occurred on the anterior, posterior and total corneal surfaces and showed no statistically significant difference at any postoperative follow-up. No significant changes in 3rd-order oblique trefoil, vertical coma or 4th-order spherical aberrations were observed after surgery except for a significant increase in horizontal coma at postoperative day 1 (POD1).

Conclusions: There were no significant changes in corneal curvature after 2.2 mm temporal microincision coaxial phacoemulsification, and the corneal HOAs were not changed significantly except for the increase in horizontal coma at POD1, which may be one of the main reasons of poor visual quality at POD1 in some cataract patients who have good uncorrected or corrected distance vision.

Backgrounds: To assess changes in anterior segment biometry during accommodation using a swept source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: One hundred-forty participants were consecutively recruited in the current study. Each participant underwent SS-OCT scanning at 0 and ?3 diopter (D) accommodative stress after refractive compensation, and ocular parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior lens curvature, lens thickness (LT) and lens diameter were recorded. Anterior segment length (ASL) was defined as ACD plus LT. Lens central point (LCP) was defined as ACD plus half of the LT. The accommodative response was calculated as changes in total optical power during accommodation.

Results: Compared to non-accommodative status, ACD (2.952±0.402 vs. 2.904±0.382 mm, P<0.001), anterior (10.771±1.801 vs. 10.086±1.571 mm, P<0.001) and posterior lens curvature (5.894±0.435 vs. 5.767±0.420 mm, P<0.001), lens diameter (9.829±0.338 vs. 9.695±0.358 mm, P<0.001) and LCP (4.925±0.274 vs. 4.900±0.259 mm, P=0.010) tended to decreased and LT thickened (9.829±0.338 vs. 9.695±0.358 mm, P<0.001), while ASL (6.903±0.279 vs. 6.898±0.268 mm, P=0.568) did not change significantly during accommodation. Younger age (β=0.029, 95% CI: 0.020 to 0.038, P<0.001) and larger anterior lens curvature (β=?0.071, 95% CI: ?0.138 to ?0.003, P=0.040) were associated with accommodation induced greater steeping amplitude of anterior lens curvature. The optical eye power at 0 and ?3 D accommodative stress was 62.486±2.284 and 63.274±2.290 D, respectively (P<0.001). Age was an independent factor of accommodative response (β=?0.027, 95% CI: ?0.038 to ?0.016, P<0.001).

Conclusions: During ?3 D accommodative stress, the anterior and posterior lens curvature steepened, followed by thickened LT, fronted LCP and shallowed ACD. The accommodative response of ?3 D stimulus is age-dependent.